How to store objects in HTML5 localStorage

Looking at the Apple, Mozilla and Mozilla again documentation, the functionality seems to be limited to handle only string key/value pairs.

A workaround can be to stringify your object before storing it, and later parse it when you retrieve it:

var testObject = { 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 };

// Put the object into storage
localStorage.setItem('testObject', JSON.stringify(testObject));

// Retrieve the object from storage
var retrievedObject = localStorage.getItem('testObject');

console.log('retrievedObject: ', JSON.parse(retrievedObject));

---

A minor improvement on a variant:

Storage.prototype.setObject = function(key, value) {
    this.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
}

Storage.prototype.getObject = function(key) {
    var value = this.getItem(key);
    return value && JSON.parse(value);
}

Because of short-circuit evaluation, getObject() will immediately return null if key is not in Storage. It also will not throw a SyntaxError exception if value is "" (the empty string; JSON.parse() cannot handle that).

---

You might find it useful to extend the Storage object with these handy methods:

Storage.prototype.setObject = function(key, value) {
    this.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
}

Storage.prototype.getObject = function(key) {
    return JSON.parse(this.getItem(key));
}

This way you get the functionality that you really wanted even though underneath the API only supports strings.

---

Creating a facade for the Storage object is an awesome solution. That way, you can implement your own get and set methods. For my API, I have created a facade for localStorage and then check if it is an object or not while setting and getting.

var data = {
  set: function(key, value) {
    if (!key || !value) {return;}

    if (typeof value === "object") {
      value = JSON.stringify(value);
    }
    localStorage.setItem(key, value);
  },
  get: function(key) {
    var value = localStorage.getItem(key);

    if (!value) {return;}

    // assume it is an object that has been stringified
    if (value[0] === "{") {
      value = JSON.parse(value);
    }

    return value;
  }
}

---

Stringify doesn't solve all problems

It seems that the answers here don't cover all types that are possible in JavaScript, so here are some short examples on how to deal with them correctly:

// Objects and Arrays:
    var obj = {key: "value"};
    localStorage.object = JSON.stringify(obj);  // Will ignore private members
    obj = JSON.parse(localStorage.object);

// Boolean:
    var bool = false;
    localStorage.bool = bool;
    bool = (localStorage.bool === "true");

// Numbers:
    var num = 42;
    localStorage.num = num;
    num = +localStorage.num;    // Short for "num = parseFloat(localStorage.num);"

// Dates:
    var date = Date.now();
    localStorage.date = date;
    date = new Date(parseInt(localStorage.date));

// Regular expressions:
    var regex = /^No\.[\d]*$/i;     // Usage example: "No.42".match(regex);
    localStorage.regex = regex;
    var components = localStorage.regex.match("^/(.*)/([a-z]*)$");
    regex = new RegExp(components[1], components[2]);

// Functions (not recommended):
    function func() {}

    localStorage.func = func;
    eval(localStorage.func);      // Recreates the function with the name "func"

I do not recommend to store functions, because eval() is evil and can lead to issues regarding security, optimisation and debugging.

In general, eval() should never be used in JavaScript code.

Private members

The problem with using JSON.stringify() for storing objects is, that this function can not serialise private members.

This issue can be solved by overwriting the .toString() method (which is called implicitly when storing data in web storage):

// Object with private and public members:
    function MyClass(privateContent, publicContent) {
        var privateMember = privateContent || "defaultPrivateValue";
        this.publicMember = publicContent  || "defaultPublicValue";

        this.toString = function() {
            return '{"private": "' + privateMember + '", "public": "' + this.publicMember + '"}';
        };
    }
    MyClass.fromString = function(serialisedString) {
        var properties = JSON.parse(serialisedString || "{}");
        return new MyClass(properties.private, properties.public);
    };

// Storing:
    var obj = new MyClass("invisible", "visible");
    localStorage.object = obj;

// Loading:
    obj = MyClass.fromString(localStorage.object);

Circular references

Another problem stringify can't deal with are circular references:

var obj = {};
obj["circular"] = obj;
localStorage.object = JSON.stringify(obj);  // Fails

In this example, JSON.stringify() will throw a TypeError "Converting circular structure to JSON".

If storing circular references should be supported, the second parameter of JSON.stringify() might be used:

var obj = {id: 1, sub: {}};
obj.sub["circular"] = obj;
localStorage.object = JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, value) {
    if(key == 'circular') {
        return "$ref" + value.id + "$";
    } else {
        return value;
    }
});

However, finding an efficient solution for storing circular references highly depends on the tasks that need to be solved, and restoring such data is not trivial either.

There are already some question on Stack Overflow dealing with this problem: Stringify (convert to JSON) a JavaScript object with circular reference

---

There is a great library that wraps many solutions so it even supports older browsers called jStorage

You can set an object

$.jStorage.set(key, value)

And retrieve it easily

value = $.jStorage.get(key)
value = $.jStorage.get(key, "default value")

---

I arrived at this post after hitting on another post that has been closed as a duplicate of this - titled 'how to store an array in localstorage?'. Which is fine except neither thread actually provides a full answer as to how you can maintain an array in localStorage - however I have managed to craft a solution based on information contained in both threads.

So if anyone else is wanting to be able to push/pop/shift items within an array, and they want that array stored in localStorage or indeed sessionStorage, here you go:

Storage.prototype.getArray = function(arrayName) {
  var thisArray = [];
  var fetchArrayObject = this.getItem(arrayName);
  if (typeof fetchArrayObject !== 'undefined') {
    if (fetchArrayObject !== null) { thisArray = JSON.parse(fetchArrayObject); }
  }
  return thisArray;
}

Storage.prototype.pushArrayItem = function(arrayName,arrayItem) {
  var existingArray = this.getArray(arrayName);
  existingArray.push(arrayItem);
  this.setItem(arrayName,JSON.stringify(existingArray));
}

Storage.prototype.popArrayItem = function(arrayName) {
  var arrayItem = {};
  var existingArray = this.getArray(arrayName);
  if (existingArray.length > 0) {
    arrayItem = existingArray.pop();
    this.setItem(arrayName,JSON.stringify(existingArray));
  }
  return arrayItem;
}

Storage.prototype.shiftArrayItem = function(arrayName) {
  var arrayItem = {};
  var existingArray = this.getArray(arrayName);
  if (existingArray.length > 0) {
    arrayItem = existingArray.shift();
    this.setItem(arrayName,JSON.stringify(existingArray));
  }
  return arrayItem;
}

Storage.prototype.unshiftArrayItem = function(arrayName,arrayItem) {
  var existingArray = this.getArray(arrayName);
  existingArray.unshift(arrayItem);
  this.setItem(arrayName,JSON.stringify(existingArray));
}

Storage.prototype.deleteArray = function(arrayName) {
  this.removeItem(arrayName);
}

example usage - storing simple strings in localStorage array:

localStorage.pushArrayItem('myArray','item one');
localStorage.pushArrayItem('myArray','item two');

example usage - storing objects in sessionStorage array:

var item1 = {}; item1.name = 'fred'; item1.age = 48;
sessionStorage.pushArrayItem('myArray',item1);

var item2 = {}; item2.name = 'dave'; item2.age = 22;
sessionStorage.pushArrayItem('myArray',item2);

common methods to manipulate arrays:

.pushArrayItem(arrayName,arrayItem); -> adds an element onto end of named array
.unshiftArrayItem(arrayName,arrayItem); -> adds an element onto front of named array
.popArrayItem(arrayName); -> removes & returns last array element
.shiftArrayItem(arrayName); -> removes & returns first array element
.getArray(arrayName); -> returns entire array
.deleteArray(arrayName); -> removes entire array from storage

---

In theory, it is possible to store objects with functions:

function store (a)
{
  var c = {f: {}, d: {}};
  for (var k in a)
  {
    if (a.hasOwnProperty(k) && typeof a[k] === 'function')
    {
      c.f[k] = encodeURIComponent(a[k]);
    }
  }

  c.d = a;
  var data = JSON.stringify(c);
  window.localStorage.setItem('CODE', data);
}

function restore ()
{
  var data = window.localStorage.getItem('CODE');
  data = JSON.parse(data);
  var b = data.d;

  for (var k in data.f)
  {
    if (data.f.hasOwnProperty(k))
    {
      b[k] = eval("(" + decodeURIComponent(data.f[k]) + ")");
    }
  }

  return b;
}

However, function serialization/deserialization is unreliable because it is implementation-dependent.

---

It is recommended using an abstraction library for many of the features discussed here, as well as better compatibility. There are lots of options:

jStorage or simpleStorage ← my preference

localForage

alekseykulikov/storage

Lawnchair

Store.js ← another good option

OMG

localDataStorage

---

You cannot store a key value without a string format.

LocalStorage only supports string formats for keys/values.

That is why you should convert your data to string whatever it is an array or object.

To store data in localStorage, first of all stringify it using the JSON.stringify() method.

var myObj = [{name:"test", time:"Date 2017-02-03T08:38:04.449Z"}];
localStorage.setItem('item', JSON.stringify(myObj));

Then when you want to retrieve data, you need to parse the string to object again.

var getObj = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('item'));

---

You can use localDataStorage to transparently store JavaScript data types (Array, Boolean, Date, Float, Integer, String and Object). It also provides lightweight data obfuscation, automatically compresses strings, facilitates query by key (name) as well as query by (key) value, and helps to enforce segmented shared storage within the same domain by prefixing keys.

[DISCLAIMER] I am the author of the utility [/DISCLAIMER]

Examples:

localDataStorage.set( 'key1', 'Belgian' )
localDataStorage.set( 'key2', 1200.0047 )
localDataStorage.set( 'key3', true )
localDataStorage.set( 'key4', { 'RSK' : [1,'3',5,'7',9] } )
localDataStorage.set( 'key5', null )

localDataStorage.get( 'key1' )  // -->   'Belgian'
localDataStorage.get( 'key2' )  // -->   1200.0047
localDataStorage.get( 'key3' )  // -->   true
localDataStorage.get( 'key4' )  // -->   Object {RSK: Array(5)}
localDataStorage.get( 'key5' )  // -->   null

As you can see, the primitive values are respected.

---

You can use ejson to store the objects as strings.

EJSON is an extension of JSON to support more types. It supports all JSON-safe types, as well as: Date (JavaScript Date) Binary (JavaScript Uint8Array or the result of EJSON.newBinary) User-defined types (see EJSON.addType. For example, Mongo.ObjectID is implemented this way.) All EJSON serializations are also valid JSON. For example an object with a date and a binary buffer would be serialized in EJSON as: { "d": {"$date": 1358205756553}, "b": {"$binary": "c3VyZS4="} }

Here is my localStorage wrapper using ejson

https://github.com/UziTech/storage.js

I added some types to my wrapper including regular expressions and functions

---

Another option would be to use an existing plugin.

For example persisto is an open source project that provides an easy interface to localStorage/sessionStorage and automates persistence for form fields (input, radio buttons, and checkboxes).

https://i.stack.imgur.com/cU5V0.png

(Disclaimer: I am the author.)

---

For TypeScript users willing to set and get typed properties:

/**
 * Silly wrapper to be able to type the storage keys
 */
export class TypedStorage<T> {

    public removeItem(key: keyof T): void {
        localStorage.removeItem(key);
    }

    public getItem<K extends keyof T>(key: K): T[K] | null {
        const data: string | null =  localStorage.getItem(key);
        return JSON.parse(data);
    }

    public setItem<K extends keyof T>(key: K, value: T[K]): void {
        const data: string = JSON.stringify(value);
        localStorage.setItem(key, data);
    }
}

Example usage:

// write an interface for the storage
interface MyStore {
   age: number,
   name: string,
   address: {city:string}
}

const storage: TypedStorage<MyStore> = new TypedStorage<MyStore>();

storage.setItem("wrong key", ""); // error unknown key
storage.setItem("age", "hello"); // error, age should be number
storage.setItem("address", {city:"Here"}); // ok

const address: {city:string} = storage.getItem("address");

---

https://github.com/adrianmay/rhaboo is a localStorage sugar layer that lets you write things like this:

var store = Rhaboo.persistent('Some name');
store.write('count', store.count ? store.count+1 : 1);
store.write('somethingfancy', {
  one: ['man', 'went'],
  2: 'mow',
  went: [  2, { mow: ['a', 'meadow' ] }, {}  ]
});
store.somethingfancy.went[1].mow.write(1, 'lawn');

It doesn't use JSON.stringify/parse because that would be inaccurate and slow on big objects. Instead, each terminal value has its own localStorage entry.

You can probably guess that I might have something to do with rhaboo.

---

localStorage.setItem('obj',JSON.stringify({name:'Akash'})); // Set Object in localStorage
localStorage.getItem('obj'); // Get Object from localStorage

sessionStorage.setItem('obj',JSON.stringify({name:'Akash'})); // Set Object in sessionStorage
sessionStorage.getItem('obj'); // Get Object from sessionStorage

---

I made another minimalistic wrapper with only 20 lines of code to allow using it like it should:

localStorage.set('myKey',{a:[1,2,5], b: 'ok'});
localStorage.has('myKey');   // --> true
localStorage.get('myKey');   // --> {a:[1,2,5], b: 'ok'}
localStorage.keys();         // --> ['myKey']
localStorage.remove('myKey');

https://github.com/zevero/simpleWebstorage

---

I made a thing that doesn't break the existing Storage objects, but creates a wrapper so you can do what you want. The result is a normal object, no methods, with access like any object.

The thing I made.

If you want 1 localStorage property to be magic:

var prop = ObjectStorage(localStorage, 'prop');

If you need several:

var storage = ObjectStorage(localStorage, ['prop', 'more', 'props']);

Everything you do to prop, or the objects inside storage will be automatically saved into localStorage. You're always playing with a real object, so you can do stuff like this:

storage.data.list.push('more data');
storage.another.list.splice(1, 2, {another: 'object'});

And every new object inside a tracked object will be automatically tracked.

The very big downside: it depends on Object.observe() so it has very limited browser support. And it doesn't look like it'll be coming for Firefox or Edge anytime soon.

---

I found a way to make it work with objects that have cyclic references.

Let's make an object with cyclic references.

obj = {
    L: {
        L: { v: 'lorem' },
        R: { v: 'ipsum' }
    },
    R: {
        L: { v: 'dolor' },
        R: {
            L: { v: 'sit' },
            R: { v: 'amet' }
        }
    }
}
obj.R.L.uncle = obj.L;
obj.R.R.uncle = obj.L;
obj.R.R.L.uncle = obj.R.L;
obj.R.R.R.uncle = obj.R.L;
obj.L.L.uncle = obj.R;
obj.L.R.uncle = obj.R;

We can't do JSON.stringify here, because of the circular references.

https://i.stack.imgur.com/4taQx.png

LOCALSTORAGE.CYCLICJSON has .stringify and .parse just like normal JSON, but works with objects with circular references. ("Works" meaning parse(stringify(obj)) and obj are deep equal AND have identical sets of 'inner equalities')

But we can just use the shortcuts:

LOCALSTORAGE.setObject('latinUncles', obj)
recovered = LOCALSTORAGE.getObject('latinUncles')

Then, recovered will be "the same" to obj, in the following sense:

[
obj.L.L.v === recovered.L.L.v,
obj.L.R.v === recovered.L.R.v,
obj.R.L.v === recovered.R.L.v,
obj.R.R.L.v === recovered.R.R.L.v,
obj.R.R.R.v === recovered.R.R.R.v,
obj.R.L.uncle === obj.L,
obj.R.R.uncle === obj.L,
obj.R.R.L.uncle === obj.R.L,
obj.R.R.R.uncle === obj.R.L,
obj.L.L.uncle === obj.R,
obj.L.R.uncle === obj.R,
recovered.R.L.uncle === recovered.L,
recovered.R.R.uncle === recovered.L,
recovered.R.R.L.uncle === recovered.R.L,
recovered.R.R.R.uncle === recovered.R.L,
recovered.L.L.uncle === recovered.R,
recovered.L.R.uncle === recovered.R
]

Here is the implementation of LOCALSTORAGE

LOCALSTORAGE = (function(){ "use strict"; var ignore = [Boolean, Date, Number, RegExp, String]; function primitive(item){ if (typeof item === 'object'){ if (item === null) { return true; } for (var i=0; i

---

This question has been answered sufficiently from the JavaScript-only perspective, and others have already noted that both localStorage.getItem and localStorage.setItem have no concept of objects—they handle strings and strings only. This answer provides a TypeScript-friendly solution that incorporates what others have suggested in JavaScript-only solutions.

TypeScript 4.2.3

Storage.prototype.setObject = function (key: string, value: unknown) {
  this.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
};

Storage.prototype.getObject = function (key: string) {
  const value = this.getItem(key);
  if (!value) {
    return null;
  }

  return JSON.parse(value);
};

declare global {
  interface Storage {
    setObject: (key: string, value: unknown) => void;
    getObject: (key: string) => unknown;
  }
}

Usage

localStorage.setObject('ages', [23, 18, 33, 22, 58]);
localStorage.getObject('ages');

Explanation

We declare both setObject and getObject functions on the Storage prototype—localStorage is an instance of this type. There's nothing special we really need to note besides the null handling in getObject. Since getItem can return null, we must exit early since calling JSON.parse on a null value will throw a runtime exception.

After declaring the functions on the Storage prototype, we include their type definitions on the Storage type in the global namespace.

Note: If we defined these functions with arrow functions, we'd need to assume that the storage object we're calling is always localStorage, which might not be true. For instance, the above code will add setObject and getObject support to sessionStorage as well.

---

Here is some extended version of the code posted by danott:

It'll also implement a delete value from localstorage and shows how to adds a Getter and Setter layer so instead of,

localstorage.setItem(preview, true)

you can write

config.preview = true

Okay, here were go:

var PT=Storage.prototype

if (typeof PT._setItem >='u')
  PT._setItem = PT.setItem;
PT.setItem = function(key, value)
{
  if (typeof value >='u') //..undefined
    this.removeItem(key)
  else
    this._setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
}

if (typeof PT._getItem >='u')
  PT._getItem = PT.getItem;
PT.getItem = function(key)
{
  var ItemData = this._getItem(key)
  try
  {
    return JSON.parse(ItemData);
  }
  catch(e)
  {
    return ItemData;
  }
}

// Aliases for localStorage.set/getItem
get = localStorage.getItem.bind(localStorage)
set = localStorage.setItem.bind(localStorage)

// Create ConfigWrapperObject
var config = {}

// Helper to create getter & setter
function configCreate(PropToAdd){
    Object.defineProperty( config, PropToAdd, {
      get: function ()    { return (get(PropToAdd)    )},
      set: function (val) {         set(PropToAdd, val)}
    })
}
//------------------------------

// Usage Part
// Create properties
configCreate('preview')
configCreate('notification')
//...

// Configuration Data transfer
// Set
config.preview = true

// Get
config.preview

// Delete
config.preview = undefined

Well, you may strip the aliases part with .bind(...). However, I just put it in since it's really good to know about this. I took me hours to find out why a simple get = localStorage.getItem; don't work.

---

Circular References

In this answer I focus on data-only objects (without functions, etc.) with circular references and develop ideas mentioned by maja and mathheadinclouds (I use his test case and my code is several times shorter).

Actually, we can use JSON.stringify with a proper replacer - if the source object contains multi-references to some object, or contains circular references then we reference it by special path-string (similar to JSONPath).

// JSON.strigify replacer for objects with circ ref function refReplacer() { let m = new Map(), v = new Map(), init = null; return function(field, value) { let p = m.get(this) + (Array.isArray(this) ? `[${field}]` : '.' + field); let isComplex = value === Object(value) if (isComplex) m.set(value, p); let pp = v.get(value)||''; let path = p.replace(/undefined\.\.?/, ''); let val = pp ? `#REF:${pp[0] == '[' ? '$':'$.'}${pp}` : value; !init ? (init=value) : (val===init ? val="#REF:$" : 0); if(!pp && isComplex) v.set(value, path); return val; } } // --------------- // TEST // --------------- // Generate obj with duplicate/circular references let obj = { L: { L: { v: 'lorem' }, R: { v: 'ipsum' } }, R: { L: { v: 'dolor' }, R: { L: { v: 'sit' }, R: { v: 'amet' } } } } obj.R.L.uncle = obj.L; obj.R.R.uncle = obj.L; obj.R.R.L.uncle = obj.R.L; obj.R.R.R.uncle = obj.R.L; obj.L.L.uncle = obj.R; obj.L.R.uncle = obj.R; testObject = obj; let json = JSON.stringify(testObject, refReplacer(), 4); console.log("Test Object\n", testObject); console.log("JSON with JSONpath references\n", json);

Parse such JSON content with JSONpath-like references:

// Parse JSON content with JSONpath references to object function parseRefJSON(json) { let objToPath = new Map(); let pathToObj = new Map(); let o = JSON.parse(json); let traverse = (parent, field) => { let obj = parent; let path = '#REF:$'; if (field !== undefined) { obj = parent[field]; path = objToPath.get(parent) + (Array.isArray(parent) ? `[${field}]` : `${field ? '.' + field : ''}`); } objToPath.set(obj, path); pathToObj.set(path, obj); let ref = pathToObj.get(obj); if (ref) parent[field] = ref; for (let f in obj) if (obj === Object(obj)) traverse(obj, f); } traverse(o); return o; } // --------------- // TEST 1 // --------------- let json = ` { "L": { "L": { "v": "lorem", "uncle": { "L": { "v": "dolor", "uncle": "#REF:$.L" }, "R": { "L": { "v": "sit", "uncle": "#REF:$.L.L.uncle.L" }, "R": { "v": "amet", "uncle": "#REF:$.L.L.uncle.L" }, "uncle": "#REF:$.L" } } }, "R": { "v": "ipsum", "uncle": "#REF:$.L.L.uncle" } }, "R": "#REF:$.L.L.uncle" }`; let testObject = parseRefJSON(json); console.log("Test Object\n", testObject); // --------------- // TEST 2 // --------------- console.log('Tests from mathheadinclouds answer: '); let recovered = testObject; let obj = { // Original object L: { L: { v: 'lorem' }, R: { v: 'ipsum' } }, R: { L: { v: 'dolor' }, R: { L: { v: 'sit' }, R: { v: 'amet' } } } } obj.R.L.uncle = obj.L; obj.R.R.uncle = obj.L; obj.R.R.L.uncle = obj.R.L; obj.R.R.R.uncle = obj.R.L; obj.L.L.uncle = obj.R; obj.L.R.uncle = obj.R; [ obj.L.L.v === recovered.L.L.v, obj.L.R.v === recovered.L.R.v, obj.R.L.v === recovered.R.L.v, obj.R.R.L.v === recovered.R.R.L.v, obj.R.R.R.v === recovered.R.R.R.v, obj.R.L.uncle === obj.L, obj.R.R.uncle === obj.L, obj.R.R.L.uncle === obj.R.L, obj.R.R.R.uncle === obj.R.L, obj.L.L.uncle === obj.R, obj.L.R.uncle === obj.R, recovered.R.L.uncle === recovered.L, recovered.R.R.uncle === recovered.L, recovered.R.R.L.uncle === recovered.R.L, recovered.R.R.R.uncle === recovered.R.L, recovered.L.L.uncle === recovered.R, recovered.L.R.uncle === recovered.R ].forEach(x => console.log('test pass: ' + x));

To load/save the resulting JSON content into storage, use the following code:

localStorage.myObject = JSON.stringify(testObject, refReplacer());  // Save
testObject = parseRefJSON(localStorage.myObject);                   // Load

---

I suggest using Jackson-js. It is a library that handles serializing and deserializing of Objects while retaining their structure, based on decorators.

The library handles all the pitfalls such as cyclic reference, attributes aliasing, etc.

Simply describe your class using the @JsonProperty() and @JsonClassType() decorators.

Serialize your object using:

const objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
localstore.setItem(key, objectMapper.stringify<yourObjectType>(yourObject));

For slightly more detailed explanation, check my answer here:

Typescript objects serialization?

And the Jackson-js tutorial here:

Jackson-js: Powerful JavaScript decorators to serialize/deserialize objects into JSON and vice versa (Part 1)

---

localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify(user));

Then to retrieve it from the store and convert to an object again:

var user = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('user'));

If we need to delete all entries of the store we can simply do:

localStorage.clear();

---