如何在 ASP.Net MVC 中模拟控制器上的请求？

使用 Moq：

var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
// Not working - IsAjaxRequest() is static extension method and cannot be mocked
// request.Setup(x => x.IsAjaxRequest()).Returns(true /* or false */);
// use this
request.SetupGet(x => x.Headers).Returns(
    new System.Net.WebHeaderCollection {
        {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}
    });

var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
context.SetupGet(x => x.Request).Returns(request.Object);

var controller = new YourController();
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(context.Object, new RouteData(), controller);

更新：

模拟 Request.Headers["X-Requested-With"] 或 Request["X-Requested-With"] 而不是 Request.IsAjaxRequest()。

对于使用 NSubstitute 的任何人，我都可以修改上述答案并执行类似的操作...（其中 Details 是控制器上的 Action 方法名称）

 var fakeRequest = Substitute.For<HttpRequestBase>();
 var fakeContext = Substitute.For<HttpContextBase>();
 fakeRequest.Headers.Returns(new WebHeaderCollection { {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}});
 fakeContext.Request.Returns(fakeRequest);
 controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(fakeContext, new RouteData(), controller);
 var model = new EntityTypeMaintenanceModel();
        
 var result = controller.Details(model) as PartialViewResult;
        
 Assert.IsNotNull(result);
 Assert.AreEqual("EntityType", result.ViewName);

这是一个使用 RhinoMocks 的工作解决方案。我基于在 http://thegrayzone.co.uk/blog/2010/03/mocking-request-isajaxrequest/ 找到的 Moq 解决方案

public static void MakeAjaxRequest(this Controller controller)
{
        MockRepository mocks = new MockRepository();

        // Create mocks
        var mockedhttpContext = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpContextBase>();
        var mockedHttpRequest = mocks.DynamicMock<HttpRequestBase>();

        // Set headers to pretend it's an Ajax request
        SetupResult.For(mockedHttpRequest.Headers)
            .Return(new WebHeaderCollection() {
                {"X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest"}
            });

        // Tell the mocked context to return the mocked request
        SetupResult.For(mockedhttpContext.Request).Return(mockedHttpRequest);

        mocks.ReplayAll();

        // Set controllerContext
        controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(mockedhttpContext, new RouteData(), controller);
}

是 AjaxRequest 是一种扩展方法。因此，您可以使用 Rhino 执行以下操作：

    protected HttpContextBase BuildHttpContextStub(bool isAjaxRequest)
    {
        var httpRequestBase = MockRepository.GenerateStub<HttpRequestBase>();   
        if (isAjaxRequest)
        {
            httpRequestBase.Stub(r => r["X-Requested-With"]).Return("XMLHttpRequest");
        }

        var httpContextBase = MockRepository.GenerateStub<HttpContextBase>();
        httpContextBase.Stub(c => c.Request).Return(httpRequestBase);

        return httpContextBase;
    }

    // Build controller
    ....
    controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(BuildHttpContextStub(true), new RouteData(), controller);

看起来你正在寻找这个，

 var requestMock = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
 requestMock.SetupGet(rq => rq["Age"]).Returns("2001");

控制器中的用法：

 public ActionResult Index()
 {
        var age = Request["Age"]; //This will return 2001
 }

您需要模拟 HttpContextBase 并将其放入您的 ControllerContext 属性中，如下所示：

controller.ControllerContext = 
new ControllerContext(mockedHttpContext, new RouteData(), controller);

在当前的 .NET (v 5) 中：

var controller = new SomeController(); // SomeController that inherits Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ControllerBase
var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(); // DefaultHttpContext class is part of Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http namespace
httpContext.Request.Headers.Add("origin", "0.0.0.1"); // Add your custom headers to request
controller.ControllerContext.HttpContext = httpContext;

要使 IsAjaxRequest() 在单元测试期间返回 false，您需要在测试方法中设置请求标头以及请求集合值，如下所示：

_request.SetupGet(x => x.Headers).Returns(new System.Net.WebHeaderCollection { { "X-Requested-With", "NotAjaxRequest" } });
_request.SetupGet(x=>x["X-Requested-With"]).Returns("NotAjaxRequest");

设置两者的原因隐藏在 IsAjaxRequest() 的实现中，如下所示：

public static bool IsAjaxRequest(this HttpRequestBase request)<br/>
{ 
    if (request == null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException("request");
    }
    return ((request["X-Requested-With"] == "XMLHttpRequest") || ((request.Headers != null) && (request.Headers["X-Requested-With"] == "XMLHttpRequest")));
}

它同时使用请求集合和标头，这就是我们需要为标头和请求集合创建设置的原因。

这将使请求在不是 ajax 请求时返回 false。要使其返回 true，您可以执行以下操作：

_httpContext.SetupGet(x => x.Request["X-Requested-With"]).Returns("XMLHttpRequest");

我找到了在 Web API 期间将 HttpRequestMessage 对象添加到您的请求中的其他方法，如下所示

[Test]
public void TestMethod()
{
    var controllerContext = new HttpControllerContext();
    var request = new HttpRequestMessage();
    request.Headers.Add("TestHeader", "TestHeader");
    controllerContext.Request = request;
    _controller.ControllerContext = controllerContext;

    var result = _controller.YourAPIMethod();
    //Your assertion
}

（派对有点晚了，但我走了一条不同的路线，所以我想分享一下）

为了在不为 Http 类创建模拟的情况下采用纯代码/模拟方式进行测试，我实现了一个 IControllerHelper，它有一个 Initialise 方法，该方法将请求作为参数，然后公开我想要的属性，例如：

    public interface IControllerHelper
    {
        void Initialise(HttpRequest request);
        string HostAddress { get; }
    }

    public class ControllerHelper : IControllerHelper
    {
        private HttpRequest _request;
        
        public void Initialise(HttpRequest request)
        {
            _request = request;
        }

        public string HostAddress =>  _request.GetUri().GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Authority);
    }

然后在我的控制器中，我在方法开始时调用初始化：

        _controllerHelper.Initialise(Request);

然后我的代码只依赖于可模拟的依赖项。

        return Created(new Uri($"{_controllerHelper.HostName}/api/MyEndpoint/{result.id}"), result);

对于功能测试，我只需覆盖组合中的 iControllerHelper 即可。