If I try to pass a URL to curl that contains brackets, it fails with an error:
$ curl 'http://www.google.com/?TEST[]=1'
curl: (3) [globbing] illegal character in range specification at pos 29
However, if I escape both brackets, it appears to work:
$ curl 'http://www.google.com/?TEST\[\]=1'
Interestingly, I use a backslash to escape only the first bracket it fails silently with error code 20497:
$ curl 'http://www.google.com/?TEST\[]=1'
$ echo $!
20497
My question is how to fix this for general cases? Is there an argument that will escape URLs automatically, or a description of the characters that need to be escaped before passing to curl?
Never mind, I found it in the docs:
-g/--globoff
This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set this option, you can
specify URLs that contain the letters {}[] without having them being interpreted by curl
itself. Note that these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be
encoded according to the URI standard.
Globbing uses brackets, hence the need to escape them with a slash \
. Alternatively, the following command-line switch will disable globbing:
--globoff
(or the short-option version: -g
)
Ex:
curl --globoff https://www.google.com?test[]=1
None of the above answers worked for me, I have to replace all opening/closing brackets with %5B
and %5D
.
[ ---> %5B
and for
] ---> %5D
My initial curl url was like this this
https://test.com/computer/agent1/api/json?pretty=true&tree=executors[currentExecutable[url]]
Now I am using like this
https://test.com/computer/agent1/api/json?pretty=true&tree=executors%5BcurrentExecutable%5Burl%5D%5D
I was getting this error though there were no (obvious) brackets in my URL, and in my situation the --globoff command will not solve the issue.
For example (doing this on on mac in iTerm2):
for endpoint in $(grep some_string output.txt); do curl "http://1.2.3.4/api/v1/${endpoint}" ; done
I have grep aliased to "grep --color=always". As a result, the above command will result in this error, with some_string highlighted in whatever colour you have grep set to:
curl: (3) bad range in URL position 31:
http://1.2.3.4/api/v1/lalalasome_stringlalala
The terminal was transparently translating the [colour\codes]some_string[colour\codes] into the expected no-special-characters URL when viewed in terminal, but behind the scenes the colour codes were being sent in the URL passed to curl, resulting in brackets in your URL.
Solution is to not use match highlighting.
Success story sharing
curl -L -o <local_file_name> -g <url>