CPPFLAGS is supposed to be for flags for the C PreProcessor; CXXFLAGS is for flags for the C++ compiler.
The default rules in make (on my machine, at any rate) pass CPPFLAGS to just about everything, CFLAGS is only passed when compiling and linking C, and CXXFLAGS is only passed when compiling and linking C++.
By default, CPPFLAGS will be given to the C preprocessor, while CXXFLAGS will be given to the C++ compiler.
The GNU Make Manual is a good resource for questions like this (see Implicit Variables).
By default, they're set to something.
In practice, you need to know what every single project does. Virtually no one uses those defaults built into make, and if you rely on, for example, CPPFLAGS meaning "flags to the C preprocessor" you'll find that the project you care about has used it to mean "flags to the C++ compiler" instead. And does the CFLAGS flag get passed to C++ compile lines? Sometimes. Not always. Etc, etc, etc.
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xis a+turned on it's side becauseC++FLAGSwould blow up the compiler. ... I may have arrived to the party late, but that's still better than arriving on time to the wrong party.CPPFLAGSis NOT for C Plus Plus butCXXFLAGSis.