How do I auto increment
the primary key
in a SQL Server
database table? I've had a look through the forum but can't see how to do this.
I've looked at the properties but can't see an option. I saw an answer where you go to the Identity
specification property and set it to yes and set the Identity increment
to 1, but that section is grayed out and I can't change the no to yes.
There must be a simple way to do this but I can't find it.
Make sure that the Key column's datatype is int
and then setting identity manually, as image shows
https://i.stack.imgur.com/ueRYJ.jpg
Or just run this code
-- ID is the name of the [to be] identity column
ALTER TABLE [yourTable] DROP COLUMN ID
ALTER TABLE [yourTable] ADD ID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
the code will run, if ID
is not the only column in the table
image reference fifo's
When you're creating the table, you can create an IDENTITY
column as follows:
CREATE TABLE (
ID_column INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
...
);
The IDENTITY
property will auto-increment the column up from number 1. (Note that the data type of the column has to be an integer.) If you want to add this to an existing column, use an ALTER TABLE
command.
Edit:
Tested a bit, and I can't find a way to change the Identity properties via the Column Properties window for various tables. I guess if you want to make a column an identity column, you HAVE to use an ALTER TABLE
command.
You have to expand the Identity section to expose increment and seed.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/8QAfh.png
Edit: I assumed that you'd have an integer datatype, not char(10). Which is reasonable I'd say and valid when I posted this answer
yes
is greyed out as it is char(10)
(from comment just posted)
BookID int primary key identity
i didn't specify both seed and increment , is that good practice ? cause i see documentation in MSDN If neither is specified, the default is (1,1) .
https://i.stack.imgur.com/SBQvM.jpg
https://i.stack.imgur.com/ueRYJ.jpg
CREATE TABLE Persons (
Personid int IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Age int
);
The MS SQL Server uses the IDENTITY keyword to perform an auto-increment feature.
In the example above, the starting value for IDENTITY is 1, and it will increment by 1 for each new record.
Tip: To specify that the "Personid" column should start at value 10 and increment by 5, change it to IDENTITY(10,5).
To insert a new record into the "Persons" table, we will NOT have to specify a value for the "Personid" column (a unique value will be added automatically):
Perhaps I'm missing something but why doesn't this work with the SEQUENCE object? Is this not what you're looking for?
Example:
CREATE SCHEMA blah.
GO
CREATE SEQUENCE blah.blahsequence
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NO CYCLE;
CREATE TABLE blah.de_blah_blah
(numbers bigint PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL
......etc
When referencing the squence in say an INSERT command just use:
NEXT VALUE FOR blah.blahsequence
More information and options for SEQUENCE
IDENTITY
sometimes jumps leaving gaps then it is back to fill those gaps again. So IDENTITY
does not guarantee ALWAYS incrmenet condition
When you're using Data Type: int you can select the row which you want to get autoincremented and go to the column properties tag. There you can set the identity to 'yes'. The starting value for autoincrement can also be edited there. Hope I could help ;)
I had this issue where I had already created the table and could not change it without dropping the table so what I did was: (Not sure when they implemented this but had it in SQL 2016)
Right click on the table in the Object Explorer:
Script Table as > DROP And CREATE To > New Query Editor Window
Then do the edit to the script said by Josien; scroll to the bottom where the CREATE TABLE
is, find your Primary Key and append IDENTITY(1,1)
to the end before the comma. Run script.
The DROP and CREATE script was also helpful for me because of this issue. (Which the generated script handles.)
You can use the keyword IDENTITY
as the data type to the column along with PRIMARY KEY
constraint when creating the table.
ex:
StudentNumber IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY
In here the first '1' means the starting value and the second '1' is the incrementing value.
If the table is already populated it is not possible to change a column to IDENTITY column or convert it to non IDENTITY column. You would need to export all the data out then you can change column type to IDENTITY or vice versa and then import data back. I know it is painful process but I believe there is no alternative except for using sequence as mentioned in this post.
ALTER TABLE ... SWITCH
to just switch the metadata without having to touch the data at all. e.g. See how to set auto increment after creating a table without any data loss?
Be carefull like if you want the ID elements to be contigius or not. As SQLSERVER ID can jump by 1000 .
Examle: before restart ID=11 after restart , you insert new row in the table, then the id will be 1012.
Success story sharing
IDENTITY
property could be applied to any numeric data types (so it could betinyint
,smallint
,int
,bigint
,numeric
,decimal
), the only constraint is that it could not represent fractional number (so it can't befloat
orreal
, neithernumeric
ordecimal
with non-zero scale) and ofc, the identity spec should be compatible with the selected data type.