专业书籍中的 LaTeX 源代码列表

在我看来，您真正想要的是自定义字幕的外观。使用 caption 包最容易做到这一点。有关如何使用此软件包的说明，请参阅 the manual (PDF)。您可能需要创建自己的自定义字幕格式，如手册第 4 章所述。

编辑：用 MikTex 测试：

\documentclass{report}

\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{listings}

\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareCaptionFont{white}{\color{white}}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}{\colorbox{gray}{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1#2#3}}}
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,labelfont=white,textfont=white}

% This concludes the preamble

\begin{document}

\begin{lstlisting}[label=some-code,caption=Some Code]
public void here() {
    goes().the().code()
}
\end{lstlisting}

\end{document}

结果：

https://i.stack.imgur.com/WmL2j.png

---

我对 listings 包感到满意：

https://i.imgur.com/f90FB.png

这是我的配置方式：

\lstset{
language=C,
basicstyle=\small\sffamily,
numbers=left,
numberstyle=\tiny,
frame=tb,
columns=fullflexible,
showstringspaces=false
}

我这样使用它：

\begin{lstlisting}[caption=Caption example.,
  label=a_label,
  float=t]
// Insert the code here
\end{lstlisting}

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并且，无论您做什么，请配置列表包以使用固定宽度字体（如您的示例中所示；您将在文档中找到该选项）。默认设置使用网格上的比例字体排版，即恕我直言，令人难以置信的丑陋和不可读，从其他带有图片的答案中可以看出。当我必须阅读一些按比例字体排版的代码时，我个人非常恼火。

尝试使用以下设置固定宽度字体：

\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}

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我想知道为什么没有人提到 Minted 包。它比 LaTeX 列表包有更好的语法高亮。它使用 Pygments。

$ pip install Pygments

LaTeX 中的示例：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\usepackage{minted}

\begin{document}
\begin{minted}{python}
import numpy as np

def incmatrix(genl1,genl2):
    m = len(genl1)
    n = len(genl2)
    M = None #to become the incidence matrix
    VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)  #dummy variable

    #compute the bitwise xor matrix
    M1 = bitxormatrix(genl1)
    M2 = np.triu(bitxormatrix(genl2),1) 

    for i in range(m-1):
        for j in range(i+1, m):
            [r,c] = np.where(M2 == M1[i,j])
            for k in range(len(r)):
                VT[(i)*n + r[k]] = 1;
                VT[(i)*n + c[k]] = 1;
                VT[(j)*n + r[k]] = 1;
                VT[(j)*n + c[k]] = 1;

                if M is None:
                    M = np.copy(VT)
                else:
                    M = np.concatenate((M, VT), 1)

                VT = np.zeros((n*m,1), int)

    return M
\end{minted}
\end{document}

结果是：

https://i.stack.imgur.com/5yBe8.png

您需要在 pdflatex 命令中使用标志 -shell-escape。

有关详细信息：https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Code_Highlighting_with_minted

---

试试 listings 包。这是我前段时间用来制作彩色 Java 列表的示例：

\usepackage{listings}

[...]

\lstset{language=Java,captionpos=b,tabsize=3,frame=lines,keywordstyle=\color{blue},commentstyle=\color{darkgreen},stringstyle=\color{red},numbers=left,numberstyle=\tiny,numbersep=5pt,breaklines=true,showstringspaces=false,basicstyle=\footnotesize,emph={label}}

[...]

\begin{lstlisting}
public void here() {
    goes().the().code()
}

[...]

\end{lstlisting}

您可能想要自定义它。列表包有几个参考。只是谷歌他们。

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查看 algorithms 包，尤其是 algorithm 环境。

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您还可以执行其他几项操作，例如选择新字体：

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
% ... lots of packages e.g. babel, microtype, fontenc, inputenc &c.
\usepackage{color}    % Leave this out if you care about B/W printing, obviously.
\usepackage{upquote}  % Turns curly quotes in verbatim text into straight quotes. 
                      % People who have to copy/paste code from the PDF output 
                      % will love you for this. Or perhaps more accurately: 
                      % They will not hate you/hate you less.
\usepackage{beramono} % Or some other package that provides a fixed width font. q.v.
                      % http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/typewriterfonts.html
\usepackage{listings} 
\lstset {                 % A rudimentary config that shows off some features.
    language=Java,
    basicstyle=\ttfamily, % Without beramono, we'd get cmtt, the teletype font.
    commentstyle=\textit, % cmtt doesn't do italics. It might do slanted text though.
    \keywordstyle=        % Nor does cmtt do bold text.
        \color{blue}\bfseries,
    \tabsize=4            % Or whatever you use in your editor, I suppose.
}
\begin{document} 
\begin{lstlisting}
public final int ourAnswer() { return 42; /* Our final answer */ }
\end{lstlisting} 
\end{document}

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对于我使用的 R 代码

\usepackage{listings}
\lstset{
language=R,
basicstyle=\scriptsize\ttfamily,
commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{gray},
numbers=left,
numberstyle=\ttfamily\color{gray}\footnotesize,
stepnumber=1,
numbersep=5pt,
backgroundcolor=\color{white},
showspaces=false,
showstringspaces=false,
showtabs=false,
frame=single,
tabsize=2,
captionpos=b,
breaklines=true,
breakatwhitespace=false,
title=\lstname,
escapeinside={},
keywordstyle={},
morekeywords={}
}

它看起来就像这样

https://i.stack.imgur.com/7PEEB.jpg

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