The create-react-app imports restriction outside of src directory

This is special restriction added by developers of create-react-app. It is implemented in ModuleScopePlugin to ensure files reside in src/. That plugin ensures that relative imports from app's source directory don't reach outside of it.

There is no official way to disable this feature except using eject and modify webpack config.

But, most features and its updates are hidden into the internals of create-react-app system. If you make eject you will have no more new features and its update. So if you are not ready to manage and configure application included to configure webpack and so on - do not do eject operation.

Play by the existing rules - move assets to src or use based on public folder url without import.

However instead of eject there are much unofficial solutions, based on rewire which allows you to programmatically modify the webpack config without eject. But removing the ModuleScopePlugin plugin is not good - this loses some protection and does not adds some features available in src. ModuleScopePlugin is designed to support multiple folders.

The better way is to add fully working additional directories similar to src also protected by ModuleScopePlugin. This can be done using react-app-alias

Anyway do not import from public folder - that will be duplicated in the build folder and will be available by two different url (and with different ways to load), which ultimately worsen the package download size.

Importing from the src folder is preferable and has advantages. Everything will be packed by webpack to the bundle with chunks optimal size and for best loading efficiency.

---

The package react-app-rewired can be used to remove the plugin. This way you do not have to eject.

Follow the steps on the npm package page (install the package and flip the calls in the package.json file) and use a config-overrides.js file similar to this one:

const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin');

module.exports = function override(config, env) {
    config.resolve.plugins = config.resolve.plugins.filter(plugin => !(plugin instanceof ModuleScopePlugin));

    return config;
};

This will remove the ModuleScopePlugin from the used WebPack plugins, but leave the rest as it was and removes the necessity to eject.

---

Remove it using Craco:

module.exports = {
  webpack: {
    configure: webpackConfig => {
      const scopePluginIndex = webpackConfig.resolve.plugins.findIndex(
        ({ constructor }) => constructor && constructor.name === 'ModuleScopePlugin'
      );

      webpackConfig.resolve.plugins.splice(scopePluginIndex, 1);
      return webpackConfig;
    }
  }
};

---

If your images are in the public folder then you should use

"/images/logo_2016.png"

in your <img> src instead of importing

'../../public/images/logo_2016.png'; 

This will work

<img className="Header-logo" src="/images/logo_2016.png" alt="Logo" />

---

To offer a little bit more information to other's answers. You have two options regarding how to deliver the .png file to the user. The file structure should conform to the method you choose. The two options are:

Use the module system (import x from y) provided with react-create-app and bundle it with your JS. Place the image inside the src folder. Serve it from the public folder and let Node serve the file. create-react-app also apparently comes with an environment variable e.g. ;. This means you can reference it in your React app but still have it served through Node, with your browser asking for it separately in a normal GET request.

Source: create-react-app

---

There are a few answers that provide solutions with react-app-rewired, but customize-cra includes a removeModuleScopePlugin() API which is a bit more elegant. (It's the same solution, but abstracted away by the customize-cra package.)

npm i --save-dev react-app-rewired customize-cra

package.json

"scripts": {
    - "start": "react-scripts start"
    + "start": "react-app-rewired start",
    ...
},

config-overrides.js

const { removeModuleScopePlugin } = require('customize-cra')

module.exports = removeModuleScopePlugin()

---

You need to move WC-BlackonWhite.jpg into your src directory. The public directory is for static files that's going to be linked directly in the HTML (such as the favicon), not stuff that you're going to import directly into your bundle.

---

I was able to import files outside of src/ by "copying" the outside files with file: as local dependency.

"dependencies": {
    "@my-project/outside-dist": "file:./../../../../dist".
}

then

import {FooComponent} from "@my-project/outside-dist/components";

No eject or react-app-rewired or other 3rd-party solution was needed.

---

install these two packages

npm i --save-dev react-app-rewired customize-cra

package.json

"scripts": {
    - "start": "react-scripts start"
    + "start": "react-app-rewired start"
},

config-overrides.js

const { removeModuleScopePlugin } = require('customize-cra');

module.exports = function override(config, env) {
    if (!config.plugins) {
        config.plugins = [];
    }
    removeModuleScopePlugin()(config);

    return config;
};

---

I think Lukas Bach solution to use react-app-rewired in order to modify webpack config is a good way to go, however, I wouldn't exclude the whole ModuleScopePlugin but instead whitelist the specific file that can be imported outside of src:

config-overrides.js

const ModuleScopePlugin = require("react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin");
const path = require("path");

module.exports = function override(config) {
  config.resolve.plugins.forEach(plugin => {
    if (plugin instanceof ModuleScopePlugin) {
      plugin.allowedFiles.add(path.resolve("./config.json"));
    }
  });

  return config;
};

---

Image inside public folder

  use image inside html extension
  <img src="%PUBLIC_URL%/resumepic.png"/>

  use image inside  js extension
  <img src={process.env.PUBLIC_URL+"/resumepic.png"}/>

use image inside js Extension

---

Copy-Paste Typescript solution

(e.g. this will work for a CRA/TS stack, which requires an additional step compared to CRA/JS. The solution itself is not typed.)

Adds the required paths to the ModuleScopePlugin instead of bluntly removing the plugin.

This code below is using craco, but should be easily usable for react-app-rewired or similar solutions. You just need to find the spot where you have a webpackConfig object (react-app-rewired: module.exports.webpack inside your config-overrides.js), and pass it to the provided functions.

craco.config.js

const path = require("path");
const enableImportsFromExternalPaths = require("./src/helpers/craco/enableImportsFromExternalPaths");

// Paths to the code you want to use
const sharedLibOne = path.resolve(__dirname, "../shared-lib-1/src");
const sharedLibTwo = path.resolve(__dirname, "../shared-lib-2/src");

module.exports = {
    plugins: [
        {
            plugin: {
                overrideWebpackConfig: ({ webpackConfig }) => {
                    enableImportsFromExternalPaths(webpackConfig, [
                        // Add the paths here
                        sharedLibOne,
                        sharedLibTwo,
                    ]);
                    return webpackConfig;
                },
            },
        },
    ],
};

helpers/craco/enableImportsFromExternalPaths.js

const findWebpackPlugin = (webpackConfig, pluginName) =>
    webpackConfig.resolve.plugins.find(
        ({ constructor }) => constructor && constructor.name === pluginName
    );

const enableTypescriptImportsFromExternalPaths = (
    webpackConfig,
    newIncludePaths
) => {
    const oneOfRule = webpackConfig.module.rules.find((rule) => rule.oneOf);
    if (oneOfRule) {
        const tsxRule = oneOfRule.oneOf.find(
            (rule) => rule.test && rule.test.toString().includes("tsx")
        );

        if (tsxRule) {
            tsxRule.include = Array.isArray(tsxRule.include)
                ? [...tsxRule.include, ...newIncludePaths]
                : [tsxRule.include, ...newIncludePaths];
        }
    }
};

const addPathsToModuleScopePlugin = (webpackConfig, paths) => {
    const moduleScopePlugin = findWebpackPlugin(
        webpackConfig,
        "ModuleScopePlugin"
    );
    if (!moduleScopePlugin) {
        throw new Error(
            `Expected to find plugin "ModuleScopePlugin", but didn't.`
        );
    }
    moduleScopePlugin.appSrcs = [...moduleScopePlugin.appSrcs, ...paths];
};

const enableImportsFromExternalPaths = (webpackConfig, paths) => {
    enableTypescriptImportsFromExternalPaths(webpackConfig, paths);
    addPathsToModuleScopePlugin(webpackConfig, paths);
};

module.exports = enableImportsFromExternalPaths;

Taken from here and here 🙏

---

This restriction makes sure all files or modules (exports) are inside src/ directory, the implementation is in ./node_modules/react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin.js, in following lines of code.

// Resolve the issuer from our appSrc and make sure it's one of our files
// Maybe an indexOf === 0 would be better?
     const relative = path.relative(appSrc, request.context.issuer);
// If it's not in src/ or a subdirectory, not our request!
     if (relative.startsWith('../') || relative.startsWith('..\\')) {
        return callback();
      }

You can remove this restriction by

either changing this piece of code (not recommended) or do eject then remove ModuleScopePlugin.js from the directory. or comment/remove const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin'); from ./node_modules/react-scripts/config/webpack.config.dev.js

PS: beware of the consequences of eject.

---

Adding to Bartek Maciejiczek's answer, this is how it looks with Craco:

const ModuleScopePlugin = require("react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin");
const path = require("path");

module.exports = {
  webpack: {
    configure: webpackConfig => {
      webpackConfig.resolve.plugins.forEach(plugin => {
        if (plugin instanceof ModuleScopePlugin) {
          plugin.allowedFiles.add(path.resolve("./config.json"));
        }
      });
      return webpackConfig;
    }
  }
};

---

I have had to overcome this same issue in Truffle. The solution was as follows:

ince Create-React-App's default behavior disallows importing files from outside of the src folder, we need to bring the contracts in our build folder inside src. We can copy and paste them every time we compile our contracts, but a better way is to simply configure Truffle to put the files there.

In the truffle-config.js file, replace the contents with the following:

const path = require("path");

module.exports = {
  contracts_build_directory: path.join(__dirname, "client/src/contracts")
};

I don't know if this helps you, but I know I found your question when I had the same issue in Truffle, and this might help someone else.

---

This can be done directly without using the path to the public folder. You can do it like

<img src="/images/image-name" alt=""/>

This happens because we do not use App.js in the browser. Since index.html is executed in the browser itself and the path to images is already in the public folder containing index.html file

---

You don't need to eject, you can modify the react-scripts config with the rescripts library

This would work then:

module.exports = config => {
  const scopePluginIndex = config.resolve.plugins.findIndex(
    ({ constructor }) => constructor && constructor.name === "ModuleScopePlugin"
  );

  config.resolve.plugins.splice(scopePluginIndex, 1);

  return config;
};

---

If you only need to import a single file, such as README.md or package.json, then this can be explicitly added to ModuleScopePlugin()

config/paths.js

const resolveApp = relativePath => path.resolve(appDirectory, relativePath);
module.exports = {
  appPackageJson: resolveApp('package.json'),
  appReadmeMD:    resolveApp('README.md'),
};

config/webpack.config.dev.js + config/webpack.config.prod.js

module.exports = {
  resolve: {
    plugins: [
      // Prevents users from importing files from outside of src/ (or node_modules/).
      // This often causes confusion because we only process files within src/ with babel.
      // To fix this, we prevent you from importing files out of src/ -- if you'd like to,
      // please link the files into your node_modules/ and let module-resolution kick in.
      // Make sure your source files are compiled, as they will not be processed in any way.
      new ModuleScopePlugin(paths.appSrc, [
          paths.appPackageJson,
          paths.appReadmeMD         // README.md lives outside of ./src/ so needs to be explicitly included in ModuleScopePlugin()
      ]),
    ]
  }
}

---

the best solution is to fork react-scripts, this is actually mentioned in the official documentation, see: Alternatives to Ejecting

---

If you need multiple modifications, like when using ant design, you can combine multiple functions like this:

const {
  override,
  removeModuleScopePlugin,
  fixBabelImports,
} = require('customize-cra');

module.exports = override(
  fixBabelImports('import', {
    libraryName: 'antd',
    libraryDirectory: 'es',
    style: 'css',
  }),
  removeModuleScopePlugin(),
);

---

You can try using simlinks, but in reverse.

React won't follow simlinks, but you can move something to the source directory, and create a simlink to it.

In the root of my project, I had a node server directory that had several schema files in it. I wanted to use them on the frontend, so I:

moved the files /src

in the termal, I cd'ed into where the schema files belonged in server

ln -s SRC_PATH_OF_SCHEMA_FILE

This gave react what it was looking for, and node was perfectly happy including files through simlinks.

---

Came to the same issue in my project, and found this in the official create-react-app docs: https://create-react-app.dev/docs/using-the-public-folder/

There is an "escape hatch" to add an asset outside the module system:

If you put a file into the public folder, it will not be processed by webpack. Instead it will be copied into the build folder untouched. To reference assets in the public folder, you need to use an environment variable called PUBLIC_URL.

Here's an example they provide:

render() { // Note: this is an escape hatch and should be used sparingly! // Normally we recommend using `import` for getting asset URLs // as described in “Adding Images and Fonts” above this section. return ; }

---

If you want to access CSS files from the public, you might face an error OUTSIDE OF SOURCE DIRECTORY

Alternatively, you can link this file in index.html which also resides in the public directory.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="App.css">

---

Here's an alternative that works well in simple cases (using fs and ncp). While developing, keep a script running that watches for changes to your shared folder(s) outside of /src. When changes are made, the script can automatically copy the shared folder(s) to your project. Here's an example that watches a single directory recursively:

// This should be run from the root of your project

const fs = require('fs')
const ncp = require('ncp').ncp;

ncp.limit = 16

// Watch for file changes to your shared directory outside of /src
fs.watch('../shared', { recursive: true }, (eventType, filename) => {
    console.log(`${eventType}: ${filename}`)

    // Copy the shared folder straight to your project /src
    // You could be smarter here and only copy the changed file
    ncp('../shared', './src/shared', function(err) {
        if (err) {
          return console.error(err);
        }

        console.log('finished syncing!');
    });
})

---

This is an issue with the relative import, which might have caused because we've used "create-react-app project" command which forms a directory named project with node_modules folder and several other files in public and src folders inside it. The create-react-app command puts a limitation that we can't import anything from outside src.

My Problem:

I had to import react-bootstrap css files which are created in node_modules folder outside the src folder. I used import "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"; but I got the error on terminal. I found out that I can create a new react app and follow solution steps from A to G, in order to fix this issue.

Solution: A) Create a new react app, using create-react-app new

B) cd new

C) run this command: "npm install react-bootstrap bootstrap@4.6.0" (without the "" double quotes )

D) in your react file put this to import bootstrap: D.1) import "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"; or D.2)import Button from "react-bootstrap/Button";

E) create a bootstrap element like a Button or anything in your react file, for D.1) < button className="btn btn-success" > Bootstrap < /button> or for D.2) < Button variant="primary"> Bootstrap < /Button>

F) in terminal: cd src

G) in terminal: npm start,

this time it will be compiled successfully.

Reasoning: I could see react-bootstrap working finally once I followed steps A to G in order, and this time I didn't get any error. (I thought of this solution because:

I've used npm install "@material-ui/icons" and that got installed in the node_modules folder outside the src. In my react file I've used import Add from "@material-ui/icons/Add" and Material-ui icons were working fine for me, but here also we are importing from outside src, from node_modules.. and everything works fine. Why there is no error of importing from outside src this time) That's why I just created a new react app, and followed solution steps A to G.

---

If you want to set a background image using CSS. So you have to set the image using the URL of your's localhost and add the path of your image. Just see the example below.

.banner {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
  background-image: url("http://localhost:3000/img/bg.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

---

Posting here what @Flaom wrote as a comment in the marked as reply answer and that actually saves lives:

"How is this the accepted answer? This bogus restriction is trivially eliminated by simply setting NODE_PATH=./src/.. in the .env file. By doing so, you can import from outside of the src folder without going through the pain associated with ejecting your app. "

Flaom

EDIT Added some more info as @cigien requested.

All the answers above describe very well why we cannot use an image from the public folder when we create our react app with the create-react-app. Having the issue myself and reading all these answers I realized that, what the answers say is to "hack" the app in order to remove the module that restricts us. Some of the answers don't even have an undo option. For a "training" application that is ok.

Personally I would not want to add a solution that alters the concept of the app to my own project, specially in a commercial one. @Flaom solution is the simplest and if anything change in the future it can be replaced with another solution. It has no risk, it can be removed anytime and is the simplest.

---

This was my code:

import React from 'react';

import './Navbar.scss';
import {images} from '../../constants';
const Navbar = () => {
    return (
        <nav>
            <div>
                < img src = {images.logo} alt = "logo" />

            </div>

        </nav>
    );
}

export default Navbar;

Changed it too:

import React from 'react';

import './Navbar.scss';
import {images} from '././constants';
const Navbar = () => {
    return (
        <nav>
            <div>
                < img src = {images.logo} alt = "logo" />

            </div>

        </nav>
    );
}

export default Navbar;

And it worked! Im getting better at fixing bugs haha.

---

If you file reside in public folder and if you want to import it without eject or without using react-app-rewired then in that case you can access file via domains name and the path of the file and using axios. Example: There is a font file called favico.ico located inside public folder. You want to import it in one the file located in src. You can access the font using following logic.

axios.get('example.com/favico.ico').then(() => {
  // here you can access this file.
})

In above example example.com is domain. If you have different environment like localhost, staging, production then in that case the domain name is different. So, to get the favico.ico you can use following logic.

axios.get(`${window.location.origin}/favico.ico`).then(() => {
  // here you can access this file.
})

In above example you window.location.origin give you current domain meaning if you run your code locally then, it will give you http://localhost:{portnumber}, If your code run on production and production domain is example.com then, it will give you "example.com". So using this pattern you can access assets located in public folder.

---

So apparently, using Create-react-app will restrict you from accessing Images outside the root directory of your project - usually src.

A quick fix for this is to move your images from the public folder to the src folder and you are good to go.
So your code will be like this for example:

background-image: URL('/src/images/img-2.jpg');

---