如何从 dict 获取值列表？

dict.values 返回字典值的 view，因此您必须将其包装在 list 中：

list(d.values())

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您可以使用 * operator 解压缩 dict_values：

>>> d = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
>>> [*d.values()]
['a', 'b']

或列表对象

>>> d = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
>>> list(d.values())
['a', 'b']

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应该有一种——最好只有一种——明显的方法来做到这一点。

因此，list(dictionary.values()) 是一种方式。

然而，考虑到 Python3，什么更快？

[*L] vs. [].extend(L) vs. list(L)

small_ds = {x: str(x+42) for x in range(10)}
small_df = {x: float(x+42) for x in range(10)}

print('Small Dict(str)')
%timeit [*small_ds.values()]
%timeit [].extend(small_ds.values())
%timeit list(small_ds.values())

print('Small Dict(float)')
%timeit [*small_df.values()]
%timeit [].extend(small_df.values())
%timeit list(small_df.values())

big_ds = {x: str(x+42) for x in range(1000000)}
big_df = {x: float(x+42) for x in range(1000000)}

print('Big Dict(str)')
%timeit [*big_ds.values()]
%timeit [].extend(big_ds.values())
%timeit list(big_ds.values())

print('Big Dict(float)')
%timeit [*big_df.values()]
%timeit [].extend(big_df.values())
%timeit list(big_df.values())

Small Dict(str)
256 ns ± 3.37 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
338 ns ± 0.807 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
336 ns ± 1.9 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

Small Dict(float)
268 ns ± 0.297 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
343 ns ± 15.2 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
336 ns ± 0.68 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

Big Dict(str)
17.5 ms ± 142 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
16.5 ms ± 338 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
16.2 ms ± 19.7 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

Big Dict(float)
13.2 ms ± 41 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
13.1 ms ± 919 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
12.8 ms ± 578 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

在 Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8650U CPU @ 1.90GHz 上完成。

# Name                    Version                   Build
ipython                   7.5.0            py37h24bf2e0_0

结果

对于小型字典 * 运算符更快对于重要的大型字典 list() 可能会稍微快一些

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按照下面的例子——

songs = [
{"title": "happy birthday", "playcount": 4},
{"title": "AC/DC", "playcount": 2},
{"title": "Billie Jean", "playcount": 6},
{"title": "Human Touch", "playcount": 3}
]

print("====================")
print(f'Songs --> {songs} \n')
title = list(map(lambda x : x['title'], songs))
print(f'Print Title --> {title}')

playcount = list(map(lambda x : x['playcount'], songs))
print(f'Print Playcount --> {playcount}')
print (f'Print Sorted playcount --> {sorted(playcount)}')

# Aliter -
print(sorted(list(map(lambda x: x['playcount'],songs))))

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获取字典中特定键的值列表

最直接的方法是通过迭代 list_of_keys 来使用推导式。如果 list_of_keys 包含不是 d 的键的键，则可以使用 .get() 方法返回默认值（默认为 None，但可以更改）。

res = [d[k] for k in list_of_keys] 
# or
res = [d.get(k) for k in list_of_keys]

通常情况下，Python 中内置了一种方法，可以从内置 operator 模块中获取键下的值：itemgetter()。

from operator import itemgetter
res = list(itemgetter(*list_of_keys)(d))

示范：

d = {'a':2, 'b':4, 'c':7}
list_of_keys = ['a','c']
print([d.get(k) for k in list_of_keys])
print(list(itemgetter(*list_of_keys)(d)))
# [2, 7]
# [2, 7]

从字典列表中获取相同键的值

再一次，理解在这里起作用（迭代字典列表）。与将 itemgetter() 映射到列表以获取特定键的值一样。

list_of_dicts = [ {"title": "A", "body": "AA"}, {"title": "B", "body": "BB"} ]

list_comp = [d['title'] for d in list_of_dicts]
itmgetter = list(map(itemgetter('title'), list_of_dicts))
print(list_comp)
print(itmgetter)
# ['A', 'B']
# ['A', 'B']

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out: dict_values([{1:a, 2:b}])

in:  str(dict.values())[14:-3]    
out: 1:a, 2:b

纯粹出于视觉目的。不会产生有用的产品...仅当您希望以段落类型的形式打印长字典时才有用。

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