I have the following page (deadlink: http://www.workingstorage.com/Sample.htm ) that has a footer which I can't make sit at the bottom of the page.
I want the footer to
stick to the window bottom when the page is short and the screen is not filled, and
stay at the document end and move down as normal when there is more than a screenful of content (instead of overlapping the content).
The CSS is inherited and befuddles me. I can't seem to change it properly to put a minimum height on the content or make the footer go to the bottom.
It's amazing that this is such a common problem. Maybe in CSS4 we'll see implementations of "make a nav bar" and "make a footer" since these are so frequently attempted.
There will never be CSS4 (CSS3 will just grow). I'm thinking this will be fixed with the implementation of
flexbox.
Excellent article on this: css-tricks.com/couple-takes-sticky-footer
v
vsync
Header
Content
Header
Content
Header
Content
Header
Content
Below are 4 different methods of mine:
In each example the texts are freely-editable to illustrate how the content would render in different scenarios.
1) Flexbox
body{ height:100vh; margin:0; } header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; } footer{ min-height:50px; background:PapayaWhip; } /* Trick */ body{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; } footer{ margin-top:auto; }
2) Grid
body{ min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto; } header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; } footer{ min-height:50px; background:PapayaWhip; }
This method below uses a "trick" by placing an ::after pseudo-element on the body, and set it to have the exact height of the footer, so it will occupy the exact same space the footer does, so when the footer is absolute positioned over it, it would appear like the footer is really taking up space and eliminate the negative affects of it's absolute positioning (for example, going over the body's content)
3) position:absolute (no dynamic footer height)
body{ min-height:100vh; margin:0; position:relative; } header{ min-height:50px; background:lightcyan; } footer{ background:PapayaWhip; } /* Trick: */ body { position: relative; } body::after { content: ''; display: block; height: 50px; /* Set same as footer's height */ } footer { position: absolute; bottom: 0; width: 100%; height: 50px; }
4) Table-layout
html{ height:100%; } body { min-height:100%; margin:0; } header { height: 50px; background: lightcyan; } article { height: 1%; } footer { height: 50px; background: PapayaWhip; } /**** Trick: ****/ body { display: table; width: 100%; } body > footer { display: table-row; }
S
Smart Manoj
A simple method is to make the body 100% of your page, with a min-height of 100% too. This works fine if the height of your footer does not change.
Give the footer a negative margin-top:
footer {
clear: both;
position: relative;
height: 200px;
margin-top: -200px;
}
This only works if you know the height of your footer ahead of time. Sometimes footers have dynamic content, or your building a framework. Any ideas for variable height footers?
@Costa check my answer here, for a solution that works with variable height footers.
for dynamic content just omit the "height" and the footer will adapt to content. Not tested in all browser
This may require
box-sizing: border-box; to the body [and the #container].
This seems like a lot of weird tricks, there are answers below which are simple and use no tricks.
R
René K
A very simple approach which works great cross browser is this:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/keeping-footers-at-the-bottom-of-the-page
html, body { margin:0; padding:0; height:100%; } #container { min-height:100%; position:relative; } #header { background:#ff0; padding:10px; } #body { padding:10px; padding-bottom:60px; /* Height of the footer */ } #footer { position:absolute; bottom:0; width:100%; height:60px; /* Height of the footer */ background:#6cf; }
header
body
That approach doesn't work on Firefox on Android, if you resize the window with two fingers
Yeah I don't like this approach. It's not very responsive, because if you have a device with a smaller height (e.g. a mobile device) and the content will naturally overflow the viewer height, the footer will overlay on your content because of its absolute positioning. I think the flexbox approach is better.
T
Tomerikoo
I've used this to stick my footer to the bottom and it worked for me:
HTML
<body>
<div class="allButFooter">
<!-- Your page's content goes here, including header, nav, aside, everything -->
</div>
<footer>
<!-- Footer content -->
</footer>
</body>
That's the only modification you have to do in the HTML, add that div with the "allButFooter" class. I did it with all the pages, those that were so short, I knew the footer wouldn't stick to the bottom, and also pages long enough that I already knew I had to scroll. I did this, so I could see that it works ok in the case that a page's content is dynamic.
CSS
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 40px);
}
The "allButFooter" class has a min-height value that depends on the viewport's height (100vh means 100% of the viewport height) and the footer's height, that I already knew was 40px.
That's all I did, and it worked perfectly for me. I haven't tried it in every browser, just Firefox, Chrome and Edge, and the results were as I wanted. The footer sticks to the bottom, and you don't have to mess with z-index, position, or any other properties. The position of every element in my document was the default position, I didn't change it to absolute or fixed or anything.
Working with responsive design
Here's something I would like to clear out. This solution, with the same Footer that was 40px high didn't work as I expected when I was working in a responsive design using Twitter-Bootstrap. I had to modify the value I was substracting in the function:
.allButFooter {
min-height: calc(100vh - 95px);
}
This is probably because Twitter-Bootstrap comes with its own margins and paddings, so that's why I had to adjust that value.
I have hit problems with all sorts of solutions to this problem. This solution works with my page that varies what is displayed in the body using
display: none Thanks. It's nice and simple too.
after many hours of trying solutions only two worked nl.
position: fixed; bottom: 0 and this one. This solution is the best because the footer does not stick to the bottom, but stays at the end of the scrollable page.
to build on your answer, you can look at it another way by setting the
.footer {max-height: calc(100vh+40px); position: absolute}. As it also works, you should just know your body size.
min-height: calc(100vh - 200px); with Bulma, here. Thanks!
m
m.spyratos
A very simple flex solution that does not assume fixed heights or changing position of elements.
HTML
<div class="container">
<header></header>
<main></main>
<footer></footer>
</div>
CSS
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
}
main {
flex: 1;
}
Browser Support
All major browsers, except IE11 and below.
Make sure to use Autoprefixer for appropriate prefixes.
.container { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; } main { -webkit-box-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; } ///////////////////////////////////////////// body, html { margin: 0; padding: 0; } header, main, footer { margin: 0; display: block; } header, footer { min-height: 80px; } header { background-color: #ccc; } main { background-color: #f4f4f4; } footer { background-color: orange; }
worked like a charm! even for res more than 4k footer sticks at the bottom
major browsers ⊅ IE11
Worked! Can you please explain how does it work?
Why it doesn't work in IE 11, if it supports flexbox?
L
Liam
From IE7 onwards you can simply use
#footer {
position:fixed;
bottom:0;
}
See caniuse for support.
I don't want the footer at the bottom when there is content beyond the footer. I want the footer to stick to the bottom when there isn't enough, and then expand downward as normal when there is more than a screenful. The sticky footer solved this.
@Caveatrob: I took the liberty of editing this important information into your question, just to avoid misunderstandings (for future readers, you have presumably solved this in the meantime :-) ).
This solution is the only one printing the footer to every page and it is so simple! But i cant get it working that the content is not overlapping with the main content. Anyone got a solution for this?
R
Rasaf Ibrahim
I am a header.
I am an article!
Keep the footer at the bottom by using Flexbox
Note
Make sure that you are wrapping everything in a
or any other block-level element with the following CSS styles: min-height:100vh; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:space-between; .
Make sure that you are wrapping everything but the footer element in a
or any other block-level element.
Make sure that you using
Code Explanation
min-height: 100vh ensures that the body element will stretch to at least the full height of the screen
flex-direction: column keeps the behavior of normal document flow in terms of retaining stacked block elements (which assumes direct children of the body are all indeed block elements).
justify-content:space-between pushes the footer to the bottom of the screen.
Check out how to do the same (Keeping the footer at the bottom) by using Bootstrap 5 - Link
Simplest but yet amazing, works just fine!
Works like a charm
S
Sanjeev
A simple solution that i use, works from IE8+
Give min-height:100% on html so that if content is less then still page takes full view-port height and footer sticks at bottom of page. When content increases the footer shifts down with content and keep sticking to bottom.
JS fiddle working Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/3L3h64qo/2/
Css
html{
position:relative;
min-height: 100%;
}
/*Normalize html and body elements,this style is just good to have*/
html,body{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.pageContentWrapper{
margin-bottom:100px;/* Height of footer*/
}
.footer{
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
height:100px;
background:#ccc;
}
Html
<html>
<body>
<div class="pageContentWrapper">
<!-- All the page content goes here-->
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</body>
</html>
it good..but just Update .pageContentWrapper{ padding-bottom:100px;/* Height of footer*/ }
I don’t want to make an unnecessary scroll bar when possible.
J
Jose Rui Santos
Yet, another really simple solution is this one:
html, body {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
display: table;
}
footer {
background-color: grey;
display: table-row;
height: 0;
}
The trick is to use a display:table for the whole document and display:table-row with height:0 for the footer.
Since the footer is the only body child that has a display as table-row, it is rendered at the bottom of the page.
I love css tables, but they create issue down the line that are pretty strange: stackoverflow.com/questions/24898115/…
This solution doesn't seem to be completely working - Firefox ignores footer height 0. I used height 1px or even 1% instead. Edge, IE11, Chrome and mobile safari are happy with 0.
I really love this solution. But when i build my layout like this the browser calculation of child elements are wiered. Let's say we want to have a container at the top of the page and it have to be
height: 100% then actually its 100% when the viewport ratio is 1/1 (square). When the viewport gets wider (landscape) height will be more then 100% and if narrower (portrait) less then 100%. So the height is proportinoal to the width of the window. Tried to solve it with another wrapper but this didn't work. Somebody got a solution or at lest a hint???
@Axel In this version I've added a blue div on top with 100% height that occupies all the height (minus the footer height), regardless of viewport width. I think you might have other CSS messing things up. Try to create a minimized version of your issue based on my original jsFiddle
A
Aarth Tandel
Do this
<footer style="position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%;"> </footer>
You can also read about flex it is supported by all modern browsers
Update: I read about flex and tried it. It worked for me. Hope it does the same for you. Here is how I implemented.Here main is not the ID it is the div
body {
margin: 0;
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
main {
display: block;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
Here you can read more about flex https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Do keep in mind it is not supported by older versions of IE.
This is the best answer in practice. Using
flex-grow: 1 for something above the footer will keep the footer at the bottom properly.
First answer that I found that actually works and doesn't need random
divs. Thank you.
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
This is how I solved the same issue
html { height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: inherit; } body { position: relative; margin: 0; padding-bottom: 6rem; min-height: 100%; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; } .demo { margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 64px; max-width: 640px; width: 94%; } .footer { position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; padding: 1rem; background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; }
CSS “Always on the bottom” Footer
I often find myself designing a website where the footer must rest at the bottom of the page, even if the content above it is too short to push it to the bottom of the viewport naturally.
However, if the content is taller than the user’s viewport, then the footer should disappear from view as it would normally, resting at the bottom of the page (not fixed to the viewport).
If you know the height of the footer, then you should set it explicitly, and set the bottom padding of the footer’s parent element to be the same value (or larger if you want some spacing).
This is to prevent the footer from overlapping the content above it, since it is being removed from the document flow with position: absolute; .
R
ROOT
This is known as a sticky footer. A google search for it comes up with a lot of results. A CSS Sticky Footer is the one I've used successfully. But there are more.
* { margin: 0; } html, body { height: 100%; } .wrapper { min-height: 100%; height: auto !important; height: 100%; margin: 0 auto -4em; } .footer, .push { height: 4em; }
Your website content here.
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
One thing to be wary of is mobile devices, since they implement the idea of the viewport in an 'unusual' way:
As such, using position: fixed; (as I've seen recommended in other places) usually isn't the way to go. Of course, it depends upon the exact behaviour you're after.
What I've used, and has worked well on desktop and mobile, is:
<body>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
with
body {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
}
K
Karthikaeyan
footer {
margin-top:calc(5% + 60px);
}
This works fine
A
Aashutosh Kumar
Works for me.
#container{
height:100vh;
margin:0;
display:flex;
flex-direction:column;
}
#footer{
margin-top:auto;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="header">header</div>
<div id="body">body</div>
<div id="footer">footer</div>
</div>
#container{ height:100vh; margin:0; display:flex; flex-direction:column; } #footer{ margin-top:auto; }
header
body
C
Camo
I just answered as similar question in here:
Position footer at bottom of page having fixed header
I'm pretty new at web development, and I know this has been answered already, but this is the easiest way I found to solve it and I think is somehow different. I wanted something flexible because the footer of my web app has a dynamic height, I ended up using FlexBox and a spacer.
Start by setting the height for your html and body
html, body {
height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
margin: 0px;
}
I'm assuming a column behavior for our app, in the case you need to add a header, hero or any content vertically aligned.
Create the spacer class
.spacer {
flex: 1;
}
So later on your HTML could be something like
<html>
<body>
<header> Header </header>
Some content...
<div class='spacer'></div>
<footer> Footer </footer>
</body>
</html>
You can play with it here https://codepen.io/anon/pen/xmGZQL
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
I have myself been looking into this problem. I have seen quite a few solutions and each of them had issues, often involving some magic numbers.
So using best practices from various sources I came up with this solution:
http://jsfiddle.net/vfSM3/248/
The thing I wanted to achieve specifically here was to get the main content to scroll between footer and header inside green area.
Here is a simple CSS:
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
header {
height: 4em;
background-color: red;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.content {
background: white;
position: absolute;
top: 5em;
bottom: 5em;
overflow: auto;
}
.contentinner {
}
.container {
height: 100%;
margin: -4em 0 -2em 0;
background: green;
position: relative;
overflow: auto;
}
footer {
height: 2em;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
background-color: yellow;
}
I hate sites designed like this. Why do you want to restrict the amount of text I can read at the same time? I don't need to see the header and footer all the time, I know where to find them when I want them.
@Tarmil have a look at numerics.info. Do you see now when this could be useful?
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
My jQuery method, this one puts the footer at the bottom of the page if the page content is less than the window height, or just puts the footer after the content otherwise:
Also, keeping the code in it's own enclosure before other code will reduce the time it takes to reposition the footer.
(function() {
$('.footer').css('position', $(document).height() > $(window).height() ? "inherit" : "fixed");
})();
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
I achieved that using CSS grid, basically I defined 3 rows:
Header
content
footer
And the used grid to define the sizes, the trick is to align the footer at the end of the row, like this:
CSS
body {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
}
footer {
display: grid;
align-self: end; /* The trick */
}
HTML file
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Untitled Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
Header content
</header>
<h1>main body</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<footer>
<p>Hello there.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
You can use more rows but remember to add the to the CSS, or wrap everything inside a div.
This guide here really helped me figure this out.
R
RICHARD ABRAHAM
ONE line solution using Bootstrap
Apart from all the CSS and jQuery solutions provided,
I have listed a solution using Bootstrap with a single class declaration on body tag: d-flex flex-column justify-content-between
This DOES NOT require knowing the height of the footer ahead of time.
This DOES NOT require setting position absolute.
This WORKS with dynamic divs that overflow on smaller screens.
html, body { height: 100%; }
Header
Nice approach, though you might want to add min-height: 100vh; to the body so it fills the entire viewport
佚
佚名
I consider you can set the main content to viewport height, so if the content exceeds, the height of the main content will define the position of the footer
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 100%;
}
body {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
header {
height: 50px;
background: red;
}
main {
background: blue;
/* This is the most important part*/
height: 100vh;
}
footer{
background: black;
height: 50px;
bottom: 0;
}
I hit problem when the content in main has bigger high than main. In my case I have many articles in the main as grid. So when the articles count is 50 for example I have very bigger vertical scroll and content in the main has very big high. In this situation the footer appeared somewhere behind my grid. FIX: I set ONLY min-height:100vh instead of height:100vh in the main and working perfectly in every case. P.S. Im using material-ui in reactjs but it does not matter I think
t
titleLogin
You need to use position: absolute; this is important, then bottom:0
.footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
A
Abdallah Abdillah
You can do this
.footer {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
C
Cybernetic
Position fixed with bottom, left, and right set to 0 works best for me:
.footer {
position: fixed;
background : #d1ccc0;
bottom : 0;
left : 0;
right : 0;
height : 50px;
}
Position absolute doesn't stick to the bottom, but fixed does.
C
Crazy Cat
While I found many similar answers, the only solution that I could find where the footer was always at the bottom and did not display over the existing data was the following:
footer {
position: relative;
clear: both;
}
r
rashedcs
Just customize the footer section
.footer
{
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
<div class="footer">
Footer is always bootom
</div>
Not working. It always stick to bottom even if we have very big page. It cannot scroll with all page but just stick to bottom.
S
San Jaisy
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="page-container">
<div id="content-wrap">
<!-- all other page content -->
</div>
<footer id="footer"></footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
#page-container {
position: relative;
min-height: 100vh;
}
#content-wrap {
padding-bottom: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
#footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 2.5rem; /* Footer height */
}
m
mhlavacka
It's actually very simple. This solution doesn't require to know footer height.
<body>
<div class="app">
Website
</div>
<div class="footer">
Footer
</div>
</body>
.app {
min-height: 100vh;
}
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
In comparisson to other solutions, one does not need to add extra containers. Therefor this solution is a bit more elegant. Beneath the code example I'll explain why this works.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>test</title>
<style>
html
{
height:100%;
}
body
{
min-height:100%;
padding:0; /*not needed, but otherwise header and footer tags have padding and margin*/
margin:0; /*see above comment*/
}
body
{
position:relative;
padding-bottom:60px; /* Same height as the footer. */
}
footer
{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
height: 60px;
background-color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>header</header>
<footer>footer</footer>
</body>
</html>
So the first thing we do, is make the biggest container( html ) 100%. The html page is as big as the page itself. Next we set the body height, it can be bigger than the 100% of the html tag, but it should at least be as big, therefore we use min-height 100%.
We also make the body relative. Relative means you can move the block element around relative from its original position. We don't use that here though. Because relative has a second use. Any absolute element is either absolute to the root (html) or to the first relative parent/grandparent. That's what we want, we want the footer to be absolute, relative to the body, namely the bottom.
The last step is to set the footer to absolute and bottom:0, which moves it to the bottom of the first parent/grandparent that is relative ( body ofcourse ).
Now we still have one problem to fix, when we fill the complete page, the content goes beneath the footer. Why? Well, because the footer is no longer inside the "html flow", because it is absolute. So how do we fix this? We will add padding-bottom to the body. This makes sure the body is actually bigger than it's content.
Z
Zoe stands with Ukraine
What I did
Html
<div>
<div class="register">
/* your content*/
</div>
<div class="footer" />
<div/>
CSS
.register {
min-height : calc(100vh - 10rem);
}
.footer {
height: 10rem;
}
Don't need to use position fixed and absolute. Just write the html in proper way.
This is the best solution. I'm using it. The main answers don't work as good as this simple solution using vh and calc.
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display: tabledisplay: table-rowdisplay:table-cell. However I found I needed to addbody {margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0;}to avoid a scroll bar. You could cater for this by adjusting thebody:after heightbut I am specifying mine in rem not px so it becomes problematical.flexboxheight:100vhtry to usemin-height:100vhthere are some cases where contents are far too big on viewport, would instead set it as a minimum height.