Syntax for a single-line while loop in Bash

while true; do foo; sleep 2; done

By the way, if you type it as a multiline (as you are showing) at the command prompt and then call the history with arrow up, you will get it on a single line, correctly punctuated.

$ while true
> do
>    echo "hello"
>    sleep 2
> done
hello
hello
hello
^C
$ <arrow up> while true; do    echo "hello";    sleep 2; done

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It's also possible to use sleep command in while's condition. Making one-liner looking more clean imho.

while sleep 2; do echo thinking; done

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Colon is always "true":

while :; do foo; sleep 2; done

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You can use semicolons to separate statements:

$ while [ 1 ]; do foo; sleep 2; done

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You can also make use of until command:

until ((0)); do foo; sleep 2; done

Note that in contrast to while, until would execute the commands inside the loop as long as the test condition has an exit status which is not zero.

Using a while loop:

while read i; do foo; sleep 2; done < /dev/urandom

Using a for loop:

for ((;;)); do foo; sleep 2; done

Another way using until:

until [ ]; do foo; sleep 2; done

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Using while:

while true; do echo 'while'; sleep 2s; done

Using for Loop:

for ((;;)); do echo 'forloop'; sleep 2; done

Using Recursion, (a little bit different than above, keyboard interrupt won't stop it)

list(){ echo 'recursion'; sleep 2; list; } && list;

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A very simple infinite loop.. :)

while true ; do continue ; done

Fr your question it would be:

while true; do foo ; sleep 2 ; done

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For simple process watching use watch instead

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I like to use the semicolons only for the WHILE statement, and the && operator to make the loop do more than one thing...

So I always do it like this

while true ; do echo Launching Spaceship into orbit && sleep 5s && /usr/bin/launch-mechanism && echo Launching in T-5 && sleep 1s && echo T-4 && sleep 1s && echo T-3 && sleep 1s && echo T-2 && sleep 1s && echo T-1 && sleep 1s && echo liftoff ; done

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If you want the while loop to stop after some condition, and your foo command returns non-zero when this condition is met then you can get the loop to break like this:

while foo; do echo 'sleeping...'; sleep 5; done;

For example, if the foo command is deleting things in batches, and it returns 1 when there is nothing left to delete.

This works well if you have a custom script that needs to run a command many times until some condition. You write the script to exit with 1 when the condition is met and exit with 0 when it should be run again.

For example, say you have a python script batch_update.py which updates 100 rows in a database and returns 0 if there are more to update and 1 if there are no more. The the following command will allow you to update rows 100 at a time with sleeping for 5 seconds between updates:

while batch_update.py; do echo 'sleeping...'; sleep 5; done;

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You don't even need to use do and done. For infinite loops I find it more readable to use for with curly brackets. For example:

for ((;;)) { date ; sleep 1 ; }

This works in bash and zsh. Doesn't work in sh.

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If I can give two practical examples (with a bit of "emotion").

This writes the name of all files ended with ".jpg" in the folder "img":

for f in *; do if [ "${f#*.}" == 'jpg' ]; then echo $f; fi; done

This deletes them:

for f in *; do if [ "${f#*.}" == 'jpg' ]; then rm -r $f; fi; done

Just trying to contribute.

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You can try this too WARNING: this you should not do but since the question is asking for infinite loop with no end...this is how you could do it.

while [[ 0 -ne 1 ]]; do echo "it's looping";   sleep 2; done

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You can also put that loop in the background (e.g. when you need to disconnect from a remote machine)

nohup bash -c "while true; do aws s3 sync xml s3://bucket-name/xml --profile=s3-profile-name; sleep 3600; done &"

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