我正在寻找在指令中访问“父”范围的任何方式。范围、嵌入、要求、从上面传入变量(或范围本身)等的任何组合。我完全愿意向后弯腰,但我想避免一些完全不合时宜或无法维护的事情。例如,我知道我现在可以通过从 preLink 参数中获取 $scope
并迭代它的 $sibling
范围以找到概念上的“父级”来做到这一点。
我真正想要的是能够 $watch
在父范围内的表达式。如果我能做到这一点,那么我可以在这里完成我想做的事情:AngularJS - How to render a partial with variables?
重要提示是该指令必须在同一父范围内可重用。因此,默认行为(范围:false)对我不起作用。对于指令的每个实例,我需要一个单独的范围,然后我需要 $watch
一个位于父范围中的变量。
一个代码示例值 1000 个字,所以:
app.directive('watchingMyParentScope', function() {
return {
require: /* ? */,
scope: /* ? */,
transclude: /* ? */,
controller: /* ? */,
compile: function(el,attr,trans) {
// Can I get the $parent from the transclusion function somehow?
return {
pre: function($s, $e, $a, parentControl) {
// Can I get the $parent from the parent controller?
// By setting this.$scope = $scope from within that controller?
// Can I get the $parent from the current $scope?
// Can I pass the $parent scope in as an attribute and define
// it as part of this directive's scope definition?
// What don't I understand about how directives work and
// how their scope is related to their parent?
},
post: function($s, $e, $a, parentControl) {
// Has my situation improved by the time the postLink is called?
}
}
}
};
});
请参阅What are the nuances of scope prototypal / prototypical inheritance in AngularJS?
总结一下:指令访问其父 ($parent
) 范围的方式取决于指令创建的范围类型:
default (scope: false) - 该指令不创建新范围,因此这里没有继承。该指令的范围与父/容器的范围相同。在链接函数中,使用第一个参数(通常是范围)。 scope: true - 该指令创建一个新的子范围,该子范围在原型上继承自父范围。在父作用域上定义的属性可用于指令作用域(因为原型继承)。请注意写入原始范围属性 - 这将在指令范围上创建一个新属性(隐藏/隐藏同名的父范围属性)。 scope: { ... } - 该指令创建一个新的隔离/隔离范围。它不会在原型上继承父范围。您仍然可以使用 $parent 访问父作用域,但通常不建议这样做。相反,您应该使用 =、@ 和 & 表示法,通过使用指令的同一元素上的附加属性来指定指令需要哪些父范围属性(和/或函数)。 transclude: true - 指令创建一个新的“transcluded”子作用域,其原型继承自父作用域。如果指令还创建了一个隔离范围,则转入和隔离范围是同级的。每个作用域的 $parent 属性引用相同的父作用域。 Angular v1.3 更新:如果指令还创建了一个隔离范围,则转入范围现在是隔离范围的子级。嵌入和隔离范围不再是兄弟。转入作用域的 $parent 属性现在引用了隔离作用域。
上面的链接包含所有 4 种类型的示例和图片。
您无法访问指令的编译函数中的范围(如此处所述:https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Dev-Guide:-Understanding-Directives)。您可以在链接函数中访问指令的范围。
观看:
对于上面的 1. 和 2.:通常您通过属性指定指令需要的父属性,然后 $watch 它:
<div my-dir attr1="prop1"></div>
scope.$watch(attrs.attr1, function() { ... });
如果您正在查看对象属性,则需要使用 $parse:
<div my-dir attr2="obj.prop2"></div>
var model = $parse(attrs.attr2);
scope.$watch(model, function() { ... });
对于上述 3.(隔离范围),请注意使用 @
或 =
表示法为指令属性指定的名称:
<div my-dir attr3="{{prop3}}" attr4="obj.prop4"></div>
scope: {
localName3: '@attr3',
attr4: '=' // here, using the same name as the attribute
},
link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
scope.$watch('localName3', function() { ... });
scope.$watch('attr4', function() { ... });
访问控制器方法意味着从指令控制器/链接/作用域访问父作用域上的方法。
如果指令正在共享/继承父范围,那么只需调用父范围方法就很简单了。
当您想从独立指令范围访问父范围方法时,需要做更多的工作。
很少有选项(可能比下面列出的更多)可以从隔离指令范围调用父范围方法或监视父范围变量(特别是选项#6)。
注意,我在这些示例中使用了 link function
,但您也可以根据要求使用 directive controller
。
选项1。通过对象文字和来自指令 html 模板
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{name}}!</p>
<p> Directive Content</p>
<sd-items-filter selected-items="selectedItems" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged(selectedItems)" items="items"> </sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective}} </p>
</body>
</html>
itemfilterTemplate.html
<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 200px; width: 250px;" ng-change="selectedItemsChanged({selectedItems:selectedItems})" ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:'name'">
<option>--</option>
</select>
app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
items: '=',
selectedItems: '=',
selectedItemsChanged: '&'
},
templateUrl: "itemfilterTemplate.html"
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'TARS';
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.selectedItemsChanged = function(selectedItems1) {
$scope.selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective = selectedItems1;
}
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
工作 plnkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/rgKUsYGDo9O3tewL6xgr?p=preview
选项#2。通过对象文字和来自指令链接/范围
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{name}}!</p>
<p> Directive Content</p>
<sd-items-filter selected-items="selectedItems" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged(selectedItems)" items="items"> </sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective}} </p>
</body>
</html>
itemfilterTemplate.html
<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 200px; width: 250px;"
ng-change="selectedItemsChangedDir()" ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:'name'">
<option>--</option>
</select>
app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
items: '=',
selectedItems: '=',
selectedItemsChanged: '&'
},
templateUrl: "itemfilterTemplate.html",
link: function (scope, element, attrs){
scope.selectedItemsChangedDir = function(){
scope.selectedItemsChanged({selectedItems:scope.selectedItems});
}
}
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'TARS';
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.selectedItemsChanged = function(selectedItems1) {
$scope.selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective = selectedItems1;
}
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
工作 plnkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/BRvYm2SpSpBK9uxNIcTa?p=preview
选项#3。通过函数引用和来自指令 html 模板
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{name}}!</p>
<p> Directive Content</p>
<sd-items-filter selected-items="selectedItems" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged" items="items"> </sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItemsReturnFromDirective}} </p>
</body>
</html>
itemfilterTemplate.html
<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 200px; width: 250px;"
ng-change="selectedItemsChanged()(selectedItems)" ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:'name'">
<option>--</option>
</select>
app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
items: '=',
selectedItems:'=',
selectedItemsChanged: '&'
},
templateUrl: "itemfilterTemplate.html"
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'TARS';
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.selectedItemsChanged = function(selectedItems1) {
$scope.selectedItemsReturnFromDirective = selectedItems1;
}
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
工作 plnkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/Jo6FcYfVXCCg3vH42BIz?p=preview
选项#4。通过函数引用和指令链接/范围
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{name}}!</p>
<p> Directive Content</p>
<sd-items-filter selected-items="selectedItems" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged" items="items"> </sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective}} </p>
</body>
</html>
itemfilterTemplate.html
<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 200px; width: 250px;" ng-change="selectedItemsChangedDir()" ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:'name'">
<option>--</option>
</select>
app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
items: '=',
selectedItems: '=',
selectedItemsChanged: '&'
},
templateUrl: "itemfilterTemplate.html",
link: function (scope, element, attrs){
scope.selectedItemsChangedDir = function(){
scope.selectedItemsChanged()(scope.selectedItems);
}
}
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'TARS';
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.selectedItemsChanged = function(selectedItems1) {
$scope.selectedItemsReturnedFromDirective = selectedItems1;
}
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
工作 plnkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/BSqx2J1yCY86IJwAnQF1?p=preview
选项#5:通过 ng-model 和双向绑定,您可以更新父范围变量。因此,在某些情况下,您可能不需要调用父范围函数。
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{name}}!</p>
<p> Directive Content</p>
<sd-items-filter ng-model="selectedItems" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged" items="items"> </sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItems}} </p>
</body>
</html>
itemfilterTemplate.html
<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 200px; width: 250px;"
ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:'name'">
<option>--</option>
</select>
app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
items: '=',
selectedItems: '=ngModel'
},
templateUrl: "itemfilterTemplate.html"
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'TARS';
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
工作 plnkr:http://plnkr.co/edit/hNui3xgzdTnfcdzljihY?p=preview
选项#6:通过$watch
和$watchCollection
上面所有例子中的items
都是双向绑定的,如果项目在父范围内被修改,指令中的项目也会反映变化。
如果您想从父范围查看其他属性或对象,您可以使用 $watch
和 $watchCollection
来实现,如下所示
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
<script>
document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<script data-require="angular.js@1.3.x" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.9/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.9"></script>
<script src="app.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<p>Hello {{user}}!</p>
<p>directive is watching name and current item</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Id:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" ng-model="id" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Name:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" ng-model="name" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Model:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" ng-model="model" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<button style="margin-left:50px" type="buttun" ng-click="addItem()">Add Item</button>
<p>Directive Contents</p>
<sd-items-filter ng-model="selectedItems" current-item="currentItem" name="{{name}}" selected-items-changed="selectedItemsChanged" items="items"></sd-items-filter>
<P style="color:red">Selected Items (in parent controller) set to: {{selectedItems}}</p>
</body>
</html>
脚本 app.js
var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
app.directive('sdItemsFilter', function() {
return {
restrict: 'E',
scope: {
name: '@',
currentItem: '=',
items: '=',
selectedItems: '=ngModel'
},
template: '<select ng-model="selectedItems" multiple="multiple" style="height: 140px; width: 250px;"' +
'ng-options="item.id as item.name group by item.model for item in items | orderBy:\'name\'">' +
'<option>--</option> </select>',
link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
scope.$watchCollection('currentItem', function() {
console.log(JSON.stringify(scope.currentItem));
});
scope.$watch('name', function() {
console.log(JSON.stringify(scope.name));
});
}
}
})
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.user = 'World';
$scope.addItem = function() {
$scope.items.push({
id: $scope.id,
name: $scope.name,
model: $scope.model
});
$scope.currentItem = {};
$scope.currentItem.id = $scope.id;
$scope.currentItem.name = $scope.name;
$scope.currentItem.model = $scope.model;
}
$scope.selectedItems = ["allItems"];
$scope.items = [{
"id": "allItems",
"name": "All Items",
"order": 0
}, {
"id": "CaseItem",
"name": "Case Item",
"model": "PredefinedModel"
}, {
"id": "Application",
"name": "Application",
"model": "Bank"
}]
});
您可以随时参考 AngularJs 文档以获取有关指令的详细说明。
scope: false
transclude: false
你将有相同的范围(与父元素)
$scope.$watch(...
根据这两个选项范围和嵌入,有很多方法可以访问父范围。
这是我曾经使用过的一个技巧:创建一个“虚拟”指令来保存父作用域并将其放置在所需指令之外的某个位置。就像是:
module.directive('myDirectiveContainer', function () {
return {
controller: function ($scope) {
this.scope = $scope;
}
};
});
module.directive('myDirective', function () {
return {
require: '^myDirectiveContainer',
link: function (scope, element, attrs, containerController) {
// use containerController.scope here...
}
};
});
接着
<div my-directive-container="">
<div my-directive="">
</div>
</div>
也许不是最优雅的解决方案,但它完成了工作。
如果您使用的是 ES6 类和 ControllerAs
语法,您需要做一些稍微不同的事情。
请参阅下面的代码段并注意 vm
是父 HTML 中使用的父控制器的 ControllerAs
值
myApp.directive('name', function() {
return {
// no scope definition
link : function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
scope.vm.func(...)
尝试了一切,我终于想出了一个解决方案。
只需将以下内容放入您的模板中:
{{currentDirective.attr = parentDirective.attr; ''}}
它只是将要访问的父范围属性/变量写入当前范围。
还要注意语句末尾的 ; ''
,它是为了确保您的模板中没有输出。 (Angular 评估每条语句,但只输出最后一条)。
这有点hacky,但经过几个小时的反复试验,它完成了工作。
scope.$watch('localName3', function() { ...[?? WHAT TO DO HERE for example?] });
内执行哪些操作$parse
与=
一起使用:fiddle。$parse
只有非隔离作用域才需要。