ChatGPT解决这个技术问题 Extra ChatGPT

"find: paths must precede expression:" How do I specify a recursive search that also finds files in the current directory?

I am having a hard time getting find to look for matches in the current directory as well as its subdirectories.

When I run find *test.c it only gives me the matches in the current directory. (does not look in subdirectories)

If I try find . -name *test.c I would expect the same results, but instead it gives me only matches that are in a subdirectory. When there are files that should match in the working directory, it gives me: find: paths must precede expression: mytest.c

What does this error mean, and how can I get the matches from both the current directory and its subdirectories?

for the record, find of msysgit may throw this error unless you surround the pattern with quotes: find . -name "*test.c". (In case you choose to prefer it over Windows' different find.exe and use from cmd)

C
Chris J

Try putting it in quotes -- you're running into the shell's wildcard expansion, so what you're acually passing to find will look like:

find . -name bobtest.c cattest.c snowtest.c

...causing the syntax error. So try this instead:

find . -name '*test.c'

Note the single quotes around your file expression -- these will stop the shell (bash) expanding your wildcards.


By way of example, you can see what's happening if you do echo *test.c ... the result won't be echo expanding the wildcard, but the shell itself. The simple lesson is if you're using wildcards, quote the filespec :-)
Thanks for helping me with this VARIANT. I tried find . -type f -printf ‘%TY-%Tm-%Td %TT %p\n’ as found on the web, and was met with "paths must precede expression". Problem was the quote marks were too "smart". I retyped the command, causing the quotes to be replaced, and it ran.
For some reason single quotes didn't work for me. I had to use double quotes. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
single quotes for wildcard searches worked with Busybox & GNU find - if using a wildcard *.$variable you need double quotes.
You may aslo escape the * with a backslash '\' as stated by other users here. A helpful guide about the notorious find can be found here
J
Jim Garrison

What's happening is that the shell is expanding "*test.c" into a list of files. Try escaping the asterisk as:

find . -name \*test.c

#gitbash this was the solution for me with git bash on windows, even when quoting the PATTERN find . -name '*txt'
r
rkulla

Try putting it in quotes:

find . -name '*test.c'

m
melpomene

From find manual:

NON-BUGS         

   Operator precedence surprises
   The command find . -name afile -o -name bfile -print will never print
   afile because this is actually equivalent to find . -name afile -o \(
   -name bfile -a -print \).  Remember that the precedence of -a is
   higher than that of -o and when there is no operator specified
   between tests, -a is assumed.

   “paths must precede expression” error message
   $ find . -name *.c -print
   find: paths must precede expression
   Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D ... [path...] [expression]

   This happens because *.c has been expanded by the shell resulting in
   find actually receiving a command line like this:
   find . -name frcode.c locate.c word_io.c -print
   That command is of course not going to work.  Instead of doing things
   this way, you should enclose the pattern in quotes or escape the
   wildcard:
   $ find . -name '*.c' -print
   $ find . -name \*.c -print

c
cell-in

I see this question is already answered. I just want to share what worked for me. I was missing a space between ( and -name. So the correct way of chosen a files with excluding some of them would be like below;

find . -name 'my-file-*' -type f -not \( -name 'my-file-1.2.0.jar' -or -name 'my-file.jar' \) 

H
HappyTown

I came across this question when I was trying to find multiple filenames that I could not combine into a regular expression as described in @Chris J's answer, here is what worked for me

find . -name one.pdf -o -name two.txt -o -name anotherone.jpg

-o or -or is logical OR. See Finding Files on Gnu.org for more information.

I was running this on CygWin.


J
Jose Sakuda

You can try this:

cat $(file $( find . -readable) | grep ASCII | tr ":" " " | awk '{print $1}')

with that, you can find all readable files with ascii and read them with cat

if you want to specify his weight and no-executable:

cat $(file $( find . -readable ! -executable -size 1033c) | grep ASCII | tr ":" " " | awk '{print $1}')

V
Vikash Singh

In my case i was missing trailing / in path.

find /var/opt/gitlab/backups/ -name *.tar

A trailing / is not required.