Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header when trying to install pg gem

It looks like in Ubuntu that header is part of the libpq-dev package (at least in the following Ubuntu versions: 11.04 (Natty Narwhal), 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot), 12.04 (Precise Pangolin), 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) and 18.04 (Bionic Beaver)):

...
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
...

So try installing libpq-dev or its equivalent for your OS:

For Ubuntu/Debian systems: sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

On Red Hat Linux (RHEL) systems: yum install postgresql-devel

For Mac Homebrew: brew install postgresql

For Mac MacPorts PostgreSQL: gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql[version number]/bin/pg_config

For OpenSuse: zypper in postgresql-devel

For ArchLinux: pacman -S postgresql-libs

On macOS (previously Mac OS X and OS X), use Homebrew to install the proper headers:

brew install postgresql

and then running

gem install pg

should work.

Alternatively, instead of installing the whole postgresql, you can brew install libpq and export the correct PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH as explained in the 'Caveats' section

I had also tried doing gem install libpq-dev, but I received this error:

Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***

However I found that installing with sudo apt-get (which I try to avoid using with Ruby on Rails) worked, i.e.

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
# or
apt-get install postgres-server-dev-{pg.version}
# for postgresql 9.4 on Ubuntu 14.04

then I was able to do

gem install pg

without issues.

I could solve this in another way. I didn't find the library on my system. Thus I installed it using an app from PostgreSQL main website. In my case (OS X) I found the file under /Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/include/ once the installation was over. You may also have the file somewhere else depending on your system if you already have PostgreSQL installed.

Thanks to this link on how to add an additional path for gem installation, I could point the gem to the lib with this command:

export CONFIGURE_ARGS="with-pg-include=/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/include/"
gem install pg

After that, it works, because it now knows where to find the missing library. Just replace the path with the right location for your libpq-fe.h

Can't find the libpq-fe.h header

i had success on CentOS 7.0.1406 running the following commands:

~ % psql --version # => psql (PostgreSQL) 9.4.1
yum install libpqxx-devel
gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/pgsql-9.4/bin/pg_config

Alternatively, you can configure bundler to always install pg with these options (helpful for running bundler in deploy environments),

bundle config build.pg --with-pg-config=/usr/pgsql-9.4/bin/pg_config

For CentOS 6.4,

yum install postgresql-devel
gem install pg

worked well!

Just for the record:

Ruby on Rails 4 application in OS X with PostgresApp (in this case 0.17.1 version needed - kind of an old project):

gem install pg -v '0.17.1' -- --with-pg-config=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.3/bin/pg_config

On Mac OS X run like this:

gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=***/path/to/pg_config***

***/path/to/pg_config*** is path to pg_config

In my case it was package postgresql-server-dev-8.4 (I am on Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal), 64 bits).

For MacOS without installing PostgreSQL server:

brew install libpq
gem install pg -- --with-pg-config="/usr/local/Cellar/libpq/9.6.6/bin/pg_config"

It is only issue of missing libpq-fe.h

On ubuntu we just need to run: sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

Above command will install a NEW package libpq-dev and after that you can again execute bundle install to resume your bundle installation.

The right answer for Mac users with Postgres.app is to build against the libpq provided with that package. For example, with the 9.4 release (current as of this writing), all you need is:

export CONFIGURE_ARGS="with-pg-include=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.4/include"
gem install pg

This will keep your pg gem in sync with exactly the version of PostgreSQL you have installed. Installing something from Homebrew is a waste in this case.

A more general answer for any Debian-based distribution (which includes Ubuntu) is the following. First, install the apt-file package running as root:

apt-get install apt-file

This allows you to search for packages containing a file. Then, update its database using

apt-file update

(this can be run as normal user). Then, look for the missing header using:

apt-file search libpq-fe.h

On my machine, this gives:

libpq-dev: /usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
postgres-xc-server-dev: /usr/include/postgres-xc/server/gtm/libpq-fe.h

There you go !

I had the same issue on Amazon Linux. I could find the header libpq-fe.h, but somehow it didn't work.

It came from the different versions of the packages that were installed through the different users on the machine. PostgreSQL 9.2 and PostgreSQL 9.3 were installed. So, make sure of your PostgreSQL version before including the libraries.

For me, the magic command line was:

sudo yum install postgresql93 postgresql93-server postgresql93-libs postgresql93-contrib postgresql93-devel

Source: An almost idiot's guide to install PostgreSQL 9.3, PostGIS 2.1 and pgRouting with Yum

On Ubuntu, install the "libpq-dev" to get rid of this issue.

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

My solution for Fedora 30:

sudo dnf install /usr/include/libpq-fe.h

I had the same problem on Mac OS, but I installed the PostgreSQL gem easily by using the following in a terminal:

ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install pg

(I installed PostgreSQL first with brew install postgresql.)

I found this answer, and it was the only one that worked for me (Mac OS) - after researching for about two days:

$ sudo su

$ env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install pg

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
Successfully installed pg-0.11.0
1 gem installed
Installing ri documentation for pg-0.11.0...
Installing RDoc documentation for pg-0.11.0...

See Stack Overflow question Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq).

I recently upgraded to Mac OS X v10.10 (Yosemite) and was having difficulty building the pg gem.

The error reported was the typical:

Using config values from /usr/local/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***

My solution was to gem uninstall pg and then bundle update pg to replace the gem with the latest. I did run brew update; brew upgrade after the Yosemite install to get the latest versions of packages I had installed previously.

On a Mac, I solved it using this code:

gem install pg -v '0.18.4' -- --with-pg-config=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.4/bin/pg_config

On Fedora 32, I managed to solve this same issue by installing libpq5-devel specifically.

If you install postgresql from the official repository, you will have several versions that won't fix the problem, so it's really a matter of trying out which one it needs.

I am running Postgres.app on a Mac and I had to

export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.4/bin

first. Then

bundle install

worked for me.

On CentOS,I installed libpq-dev package using below command

yum install postgresql-devel

Executing gem install pg returned the same error as "No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with --with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config".

Installing the gem as below solved my problem

gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/pgsql-x.x/bin/pg_config

I had this issue with Postgresql 9.6. I was able to fix it by doing:

brew upgrade postgresql@9.6
brew link postgresql@9.6 --force
gem install pg

On Ubuntu 20.04, I already had libpq5:amd64 version 13.2-1.pgdg20.04+1. Now when I tried to install libpq-dev from apt repository, I was receiving

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpq-dev : Depends: libpq5 (= 12.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) but 13.2-1.pgdg20.04+1 is to be installed

I grabbed the deb from http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/postgresql-13/libpq-dev_13.2-1_amd64.deb and did the following:

mkdir -p /tmp/libpq-dev
dpkg-deb -R libpq-dev_13.2-1_amd64.deb /tmp/libpq-dev
sed -i 's|= 13.2-1|= 13.2-1.pgdg20.04+1|' /tmp/libpq-dev/DEBIAN/control
dpkg-deb -b /tmp/libpq-dev /tmp/libpq-dev-new.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/libpq-dev-new.deb

I have been using the gem happily after that. No additional installs or anything.

On FreeBSD (9.1) the necessary package is /usr/ports/database/postgresql-server* which when installed will also install the required header file that makes the gem install of "pg" fail. This answer here helped me find the solution but the difference in package names required a bit of searching.

Hopefully this helps someone avoid a bit of head scratching when searching for the "-dev" package on a FreeBSD system!

On Debian 7.0, 64-bit (Wheezy), just run:

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

After you successfully installed libpq-dev, run:

bundle install

Under CentOS 6.5 (Squeeze) I created a file:

$ sudo touch /etc/profile.d/psql.sh

with content:

pathmunge /usr/pgsql-9.3/bin

Note here, you should set your PostgreSQL path with the pg_config file. You can find this with the command:

$ sudo find / -iname pg_config

Save the file:

$ sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/ruby.sh

and try to execute your command again.

Note: Anytime you change the Bash configuration - changing the profile.d configuration - you should reload Bash.

The location of libpq-fe.h depends on where your PostgreSQL install is (which depends on how you installed it). Use locate (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locate_%28Unix%29) to find the libpq-fe.h file on your machine. If it exists, it will be in the include directory of your PostgreSQL install.

$ locate libpq-fe.h
/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/include/libpq-fe.h

The bin directory, which contains pg_config, will be in the same directory as the include directory. As the error suggests, use the --with-pg-config option to install the gem:

$ gem install pg --with-pg-config="/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/bin/pg_config"

Note that you may need to run updatedb if you have never used locate or if you haven't updated since installing PostgreSQL.

I finally solved this problem, but not using the previously described methods.

Using brew install postgresql, I find out that it had already been installed, but not linked.

Find out where PostgreSQL is installed, and delete it, Then brew install postgresql again, brew link postgresql gem install pg